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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of British Columbia | OTHER |
| Medical Research Council | OTHER_GOV |
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Ketones are naturally produced by our body and can affect our blood sugar levels. Ketones could be important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this research is to determine if a ketone drink can lower blood sugar in people with T2D following a meal. This research will provide new knowledge about the regulation of blood sugar. This may also inform if ketone drinks could be used as a treatment for T2D.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketone supplementation | Experimental | 100 mL flavoured drink containing 0.3 g/kg ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; ΔG®, University of Oxford; https://www.deltagketones.com) |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Placebo with stevia and bitter agent to flavour match |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketone supplement | Dietary Supplement | 100 mL flavoured drink containing 0.3 g/kg ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; ΔG®, University of Oxford; https://www.deltagketones.com) consumed 30 min prior to a mixed meal tolerance test, on 2 occasions during test day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of endogenous glucose production | Rate of endogenous glucose production over 4 hours in response to a meal measured by blood sample | 4 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total rate of glucose appearance | Total rate of glucose appearance measured using the change in glucose enrichment/concentration over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Exogenous glucose rate of appearance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Francis B Stephens, PhD | University of Exeter | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sport & Health Sciences University of Exeter | Exeter | Devon | EX1 2LU | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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Randomised cross over trial counterbalanced for trial order
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Coded, known only to independent individual
|
| Placebo supplement | Dietary Supplement | Placebo with stevia and bitter agent to flavour match, consumed 30 min prior to a mixed meal tolerance test, on 2 occasions during test day |
|
Exogenous rate of glucose appearance measured using the change in glucose enrichment/concentration over 4 and 8 hours following a meal
| 4 and 8 hours |
| Total rate of glucose disappearance | Total rate of glucose disappearance measured using the change in glucose enrichment/concentration over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Rate of gluconeogenesis | Rate of gluconeogenesis measured using the change in glucose enrichment/concentration over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Rate of glycogenolysis | Rate of glycogenolysis measured using the change in glucose enrichment/concentration over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Beta-cell function | Beta-cell function using dynamic modelling of insulin/c-peptide secretion over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Insulin concentration | Insulin concentration using ELISA assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Glucagon concentration | Glucagon concentration using ELISA assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| GLP-1 concentration | GLP-1 using ELISA assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| GIP concentration | GIP concentration using ELISA assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Glycerol concentration | Glycerol concentration using colorimetric assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Free fatty acid concentration | Free fatty acids using colorimetric assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Ketone concentration | Ketone concentration using colorimetric assay over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| Energy expenditure | Energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry over 4 and 8 hours following a meal | 4 and 8 hours |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |