Intrathecal Non-preservative-free Morphine With Bupivacaine Versus Intrathecal Bupivacaine Alone for Analgesia in Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgeries

Intrathecal Non-preservative-free Morphine With Bupivacaine Versus Intrathecal Bupivacaine Alone for Analgesia in Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal non-preservative-free morphine and its effect on pain in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia surgeries.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 18-65 years old.
• Both genders.
• ASA I and II class.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal.
• Known local anesthetic (LA) allergy.
• Skin lesions or infections at the site of needle insertion.
• Contraindications to spinal anesthesia.
• Failure of spinal anesthesia.
• ASA III and VI class.
• Central or peripheral neuropathies.
• Severe respiratory or cardiac diseases.