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Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the gingivitis, periodontal profile and malocclusion in children and adolescents with diabetes. Methods: The sample consisted of 36 children, who were distributed into two groups: DM; n=18 and NDM; n=18. Periodontal parameters considered were plaque Index (PI), gingival Index (GI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. Malocclusion were evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Angle's Classification. The statistical analyses were Shapiro Wilk test and T test.
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the gingivitis, periodontal profile and malocclusion in children and adolescents with diabetes. Methods: The sample consisted of 36 children (age 8 to 18 years old), who were distributed into two groups: patients with type 1 diabetes (DM; n=18) and control patients without diabetes (NDM; n=18). Periodontal parameters considered were plaque Index (PI), gingival Index (GI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters were evaluated by three aspects: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. Malocclusion, its prevalence, severity and need of treatment were evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Angle's Classification. The statistical analyses were Shapiro Wilk test and T test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hematological and Periodontal Parameters | Other | Hematological parameters were recorded - fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin - to confirm the allocation of each participant between the groups: diabetic (DM) and control (NDM). The clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (GI) full mouth (Ainamo & Bay 1975), and plaque index (PI), probing depth of pocket (PPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival biotype clinical parameters were evaluated by three aspects: Gingival transparency to probing, Height of keratinized mucosa and Gingival thickness on permanent incisors and molars. For the periodontal parameters' examination, a periodontal probe PCP15 (PCP-UNC15, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL) was used, excluding third molars and erupting teeth. The intraexaminer agreement of the categorical variables (CAL) using the kappa calculation was 7.64, at the tooth level. |
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| Orthodontic Parameters | No Intervention | The clinical orthodontic parameters were recorded by the Angle's Classification, witch evaluated occlusion of right and left canines and molars, and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) that evaluates the prevalence of malocclusions, its severity and the need for treatment. DAI aspects evaluated were: upper teeth loss, lower teeth loss, crowding, spacing, diastema, maxillary misalignment, mandibular misalignment, anterior maxillary overjet, anterior mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, molar relationship. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal therapy | Procedure | Supragingival scaling sessions were performed with ultrasonic scalers (Dabi Atlante, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) to remove all calculus and biofilms, in addition to oral hygiene guidelines, including brushing technique and interdental cleaning with dental floss. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bleeding on probing | Bleeding levels on probing below 10% of the periodontal sites evaluated. | Twenty-one days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- child or adolescent with the age between 8 and 18 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gabriela C Cruz, PhD | Universidade Federal Fluminense | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidade Federal Fluminense | Nova Friburgo | Rio de Janeiro | 28625650 | Brazil |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005891 | Gingivitis |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| D008310 | Malocclusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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|
| D044882 |
| Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |