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The goal of this clinical trial]is to evaluate if learning to play traditional board games could improve cognition in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will be randomized to one of four groups:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go classes | Experimental | Subjects randomized to a group intervention with Go lessons once a week for 12 weeks |
|
| Chess classes | Experimental | Subjects randomized to a group intervention with Chess lessons once a week for 12 weeks |
|
| Go & Chess classes | Experimental | Subjects randomized to a group intervention with Go and Chess lessons twice a week for 12 weeks |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Subjects randomized to no intervention for 12 weeks |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go classes | Other | Classes of board games (Go), performed in groups of 6-10 subjects, once a week |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General cognition | Differences in Montreal Cognitive Assessment between groups [continuous scale, 0-30, higher scores indicate better performances] | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Digit Span Forward | Differences in Digit Span Forward between groups [continuous scale, 0-9, higher scores indicate better performances] | 12 weeks |
| Digit Span Backwards | Differences in Digit Span Backwards between groups [continuous scale, 0-9, higher scores indicate better performances] |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lucio Tremolizzo, MD, PhD | Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori | Monza | Lombardy | 20900 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41342683 | Result | Pozzi FE, Spanio A, Gallo F, Isgro G, Remoli G, Magi A, Moscatelli E, Crisci E, Negro G, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Cognitive and social intervention with Go and chess in early and subjective cognitive decline: The COGniChESs study results, with an updated meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2026 Jan;109(2):747-756. doi: 10.1177/13872877251401481. Epub 2025 Dec 4. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Chess classes | Other | Classes of board games (Chess), performed in groups of 6-10 subjects, once a week |
|
| 12 weeks |
| Trail Making Test - part A | Differences in Trail Making Test - part A between groups [time to complete the task, min 0 seconds, max N/A, higher scores indicate worse performances] | 12 weeks |
| Trail Making Test - part B | Differences in Trail Making Test - part B between groups [time to complete the task, min 0 seconds, max N/A, higher scores indicate worse performances] | 12 weeks |
| Semantic fluency | Differences in Semantic fluency between groups [continuous scale, min 0, max N/A, higher scores indicate better performances] | 12 weeks |
| Quality of life indicator | Differences in WHO Quality of life (WHO-QoL) scale between groups [continuous scale, min 0 max 100, higher scores indicate better quality of life] | 12 weeks |
| Depression | Differences in geriatric depression scale scale between groups [continuous scale, min 0 max 15, higher scores indicate worse depression] | 12 weeks |
| Lifestyle | Differences in simple lifestyle indicator questionnaire scale between groups [continuous scale, min 0 max 10, higher scores indicate healthier lifestyle] | 12 weeks |