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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Spain | OTHER |
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Nowadays, on geriatric centres, cognitive decline used to be prevented by pen and paper exercises (Calero GarcĂa & Navarro Gonzalez, 2006). However, as Lampit et al. (2014) suggest, studies based on the efficacy and effectiveness of new cognitive-based interventions in order to improve these cognitive processes are fundamental (Lampit et al., 2014). Cognitive-based interventions are interventions that directly or indirectly try to improve cognitive processes (Chiu et al., 2017). Between the different kinds of cognitive-based interventions, cognitive training permits stablish randomized controlled trials. Cognitive training consists of repeating during a concrete time a standardized set of tasks in order to maintain or improve one or some cognitive processes. Meta-analysis studies have shown that computerized cognitive training can improve in a moderate size some cognitive processes in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (Hill et al., 2017) and without those diagnoses (Lampit, Hallock, & Valenzuela, 2014; Chiu et al., 2017). Although it seems that computerized training is effective, safe and secure, it is important to note the social component of the definition of health (OMS, 1948). Chang, Wray & Lin (2014) found that social relationships predict the use of leisure activities and this predict a better physical health and wellbeing psychological. In fact, a comparative study found that those elderly people that have played board games have a 15% lower risk of having dementia diagnose and problems related with memory (Dartigues et al., 2013). To sum up, the aim of this research project is to test the effectiveness of a cognitive training based on modern board and card games in elderly people with a diagnose of mild-cognitive impairment in comparison to do cognitive paper and pencil tasks or in a wait-list comparison group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral: modern board and card games | Experimental | Participants will play modern board and card games in groups at medical center 2 times per week for at least 1 hour over a period of 16 weeks. |
|
| Behavioral: paper and pencil tasks | Active Comparator | Participants will do cognitive paper and pencil tasks in groups at medical center 2 times per week for at least 1 hour over a period of 16 weeks. |
|
| Wait-list | No Intervention | Participants will be in a wait-list over a period of 16 weeks. Then, they received the board and card games' or paper and pencil tasks' intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modern board and card games group | Behavioral | Modern board and card games group |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in cognitive impairment from baseline to post intervention | Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in visuoconstruction, immediate memory and long-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Copy, draw after 3 and after 25 minuts of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in verbal long-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in verbal short-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Digit Memory Test Forward | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in verbal working memory from baseline to post intervention | Digit Memory Test Backward | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in visuospatial short-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Visual Memory Test Forward | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in visuospatial working memory from baseline to post intervention | Visual Memory Test Backward | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in neuropsychiatric symptoms from baseline to post intervention | Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Self-reported and caregivers spanish versions. Higher scores mean higher neuropsychiatric symptomatology. | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in psychological well-being from baseline to post intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Social Status Index and sociodemographical information | Hollingshead Index, age, sex, birth location | Baseline |
| Cognitive reserve questionnaire | Cognitive reserve questionnaire (CRC), spanish version |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work; University of Lleida | Recruiting | Lleida | 25001 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Calero GarcĂa, M. D., & Navarro Gonzalez, E. (2006). Eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento en memoria en el mantenimiento de ancianos con y sin deterioro cognitivo. ClĂnica y Salud, 17(2), 187-202. | ||
| 24884905 | Background | Chang PJ, Wray L, Lin Y. Social relationships, leisure activity, and health in older adults. Health Psychol. 2014 Jun;33(6):516-23. doi: 10.1037/hea0000051. | |
| 28459873 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010209 | Paper |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
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| Paper and pencil tasks group | Behavioral | Paper and pencil tasks group |
|
| Change in visuospatial processing from baseline to post intervention | Trail Making Test A and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in flexibility from baseline to post intervention | Trail Making Test B and 5 digits test | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in inhibition from baseline to post intervention | 5 digits test | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in phonemic and semantic fluency from baseline to post intervention | Animals category and P, M, R letters, Spanish version | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
Euro Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D), Self-reported and caregivers spanish versions. Higher scores mean higher quality of life. Visual analogue scale: minimum value=0, maximum value=100. |
| Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Change in depressive symptoms from baseline to post intervention | Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Spanish version. Higher scores mean higher depressive symptomatology. Minimum value = 0, maximum value = 15. | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) |
| Baseline |
| Premorbid cognitive function | The Word Accentuation Test (TAP), spanish version | Baseline |
| Cognitive disorders unity, Santa Maria's University Hospital, GSS | Recruiting | Lleida | 25198 | Spain |
|
| Background |
| Chiu HL, Chu H, Tsai JC, Liu D, Chen YR, Yang HL, Chou KR. The effect of cognitive-based training for the healthy older people: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2017 May 1;12(5):e0176742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176742. eCollection 2017. |
| 23988362 | Background | Dartigues JF, Foubert-Samier A, Le Goff M, Viltard M, Amieva H, Orgogozo JM, Barberger-Gateau P, Helmer C. Playing board games, cognitive decline and dementia: a French population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2013 Aug 29;3(8):e002998. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002998. |
| 27838936 | Background | Hill NT, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL, Chadwick VL, Valenzuela M, Lampit A. Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 1;174(4):329-340. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030360. Epub 2016 Nov 14. |
| 25405755 | Background | Lampit A, Hallock H, Valenzuela M. Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effect modifiers. PLoS Med. 2014 Nov 18;11(11):e1001756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756. eCollection 2014 Nov. |