In the baby massage application, mothers were trained on baby massage and the massage applied by the mother to her baby was observed once. The baby massage video prepared by the researchers was shared with mothers. Baby massage application was performed 90 minutes after feeding and each application was performed at the same time. Mothers massaged their babies for 15 minutes three times a week for a month. The Massage Application Content included one minute face, two minutes chest, four minutes arm, two minutes abdominal, four minutes leg and two minutes back massage (Virgian and Setiawati, 2021; Yenigün 2020; Yılmaz, 2019). All mothers were called once a week by a researcher to provide counseling and follow-up of the process.

At the end of four weeks, measurement tools were applied to all mothers and the groups were changed, massage was applied to the yoga group, and yoga intervention was applied to the massage group, as in the beginning of the research.

The mothers in the Mother-Baby Yoga group were given a 10-minute training on mother-baby yoga before the application, and then a session was applied together. Mothers were asked to choose the most suitable time of day for themselves and the baby, to ensure that the baby was fed at least 45 minutes before yoga, and to practice yoga in a calm and dimly lit environment, listening to music or white noise of their choice. One yoga session lasted approximately 20 minutes. Mothers and their babies did mother-baby yoga three times a week for four weeks. Mother baby yoga content; Mood regulation: belly breathing, warm touch from the heart, chair pose, scoop hug, bukka bukka, vortex creation, lush falls one hand two hands, tiny stretches, here and now awareness and dolphin pose.

In the baby massage application, mothers were trained on baby massage and the massage applied by the mother to her baby was observed once. The baby massage video prepared by the researchers was shared with mothers. Mothers were informed about the importan

The Mother-Infant Attachment Scale developed by Taylor et al. was used to measure mother-infant attachment. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by (Karakulak et al., 2016). The MIBS is designed to be administered from the first day after birth and allows the mother to express her feelings towards her baby with a single word. This scale, which can be easily and quickly administered by the mother or father alone, shows the relationship between the established bond and the mother's early mood.

Sleep characteristics of the infants were assessed using a sleep diary form created by the researchers. The form included questions about the time of starting the bedtime routine, the time of going to bed, the number of nighttime awakenings, the duration of staying awake at night, the longest sleep time spent without waking up at night, the total sleep time at night, the number of daytime naps, and the total sleep time during the day (Ağapınar et al., 2023; Del-Ponte et al., 2020; Hanifarizani et al., 2020; Mrljak et al., 2022). The mothers were asked to write in this diary to be recorded for one day during the first and last week of the implementation process.