Data were collected between March 2015 and December 2022 on 36,160 unique users in a manner compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA), and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Of these, 2,786 unique individuals engaged in biometric and self-report data collection. To protect the real-world applicability of the results, users were not given any special instruction or information about the nature or possibility of the current analyses. As consequence, user data varied greatly in terms of engagement and app-use characteristics. To create a single, unified, and consistent dataset that could be leveraged across all intended analyses, data were filtered to only include English-language psychotherapy sessions that contained the required session payloads for algorithm inclusion (see below), and only when all the objective and two subjective measures were completed both before and after each session.

AmDTx (Mobio Interactive Pte Ltd, Singapore), is an advanced mobile health platform equipped with computer vision and AI to objectively quantify psychological stress and benchmarked ecological momentary assessments to subjectively measure stress, valence, and arousal. Asynchronous and on-demand psychotherapy available as audio files within AmDTx has been clinically validated across the mental illness severity spectrum. Psychotherapy within AmDTx primarily leverages meditation/mindfulness techniques to enhance relaxation, build stress resilience, improve focus and decision making, and influence behaviour and affect bias.

Objective stress level (∆OSL). Objective stress within AmDTx was obtained via a 30-second "selfie" video captured with the front-facing camera of a mobile device (smartphone or table). The computer vision data extracted from the videos in real time through study completion, an average of 27.1 measures per person per year, were then passed through a deep neural network (DNN) to compute the objective stress level (∆OSL) at that moment in time. ∆OSL is represented with a value between 0 to 1, with greater values representing more stress.

Subjective, self-reported stress (∆SRS). Subjective stress within AmDTx was quantified via an animated digital "slider". Users reported their current level of stress either by dragging a marker on the slider to a position of their choosing between "none" (0) and "extreme" (10), or by tapping on one of four faces positioned above the slider, with each face visually depicting stress levels at the mid-points of four quadrants (i.e., values of 1.25, 3.75, 6.25, 8.75). Users were instructed input the stress that represents how they feel "right here, right now". Data collected in real time through study completion, an average of 27.1 measures per person per year.

Subjective, self-reported mood (∆SRM). Subjective mood within AmDTx was quantified via a "mood board", which asks users to select from 32 different words representing various emotions (e.g., "delighted", "content", "gloomy", "tense"). The mood board consists of two axes, one spanning from "unpleasant" to "pleasant" and the other from "mild" to "intense". Each quadrant contains 8 mood words. Users were instructed to tap on the words that represent how they feel "right here, right now". Data collected in real time through study completion, an average of 27.1 measures per person per year.