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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract characterised by complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, microbiota and host immune response. It has two main forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). The main mechanism of IBD pathogenesis is dysregulated host immune response to commensal microbiota and disruption of the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in genetically predisposed individuals. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dental biofilm resulting in the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and subsequently teeth. Although the occurrence of the disease depends on multifactorial factors, bacterial plaque is the primary etiological factor and various bacterial species found in plaque are responsible for initiating and maintaining the inflammatory and immune response in periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are known to contribute to many systemic diseases/conditions or systemic disorders are known to affect periodontal disease. Although the relationship between IBD and periodontitis is based on the potential link between oral and intestinal microbiomes and host immunoinflammatory response, the pathological interactions between the two diseases have not yet been determined. From this point of view, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of periodontal status on serum, saliva and gingival biomarkers (TIM-3, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17) in patients with IBD and to evaluate the relationship between these values and periodontal clinical parameters. This is the first study to examine TIM-3 levels in saliva, serum and gingival samples in patients with IBD and periodontitis with IBD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Healthy | Experimental | Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) salivary sample and serum will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. TIM-3 levels will be examined to evaluate before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis. A pre-treatment saliva sample and serum will be collected from the clinically healthy group. |
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| Periodontitis | Experimental | Non-surgical periodontal treatment will be applied to individuals with periodontitis, clinical measurements, saliva collection and serum will be repeated 12 weeks after the treatment. TIM-3 analysis will be performed by ELISA in saliva and serum of individuals. TIM-3 levels will be examined to evaluate before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis. Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) and salivary sample will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. |
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| Periodontitis with İnflammatory Bowel Disease | Experimental | Non-surgical periodontal treatment will be applied to individuals with periodontitis, clinical measurements, saliva collection and serum will be repeated 12 weeks after the treatment. TIM-3 analysis will be performed by ELISA in saliva and serum of individuals. TIM-3 levels will be examined to evaluate before and after treatment in periodontitis with İnflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) and salivary sample will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) | Other | A total of 60 individuals, 15 with IBD and periodontitis, 15 with IBD and periodontal health, 15 with systemic health and periodontitis, and 15 with systemic and periodontal health, will be included in the study. At the beginning of the study, periodontal clinical measurements (gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) and serum, saliva and gingival samples will be obtained from all individuals. Individuals with periodontitis will receive non-surgical periodontal treatment in half jaws within 2 weeks. Clinical measurements, serum and saliva sample collection will be repeated 3 months after the treatment. Biomarker levels in serum and saliva samples will be analysed by ELISA. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Examination of TIM-3 levels of periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease | Examination of TIM-3 levels, which are stated to be associated with periodontal disease, in serum and saliva samples obtained from individuals with periodontitis and periodontitis individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. | up to 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on changes in TIM-3 level. | Evaluation of the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on changes in TIM-3 level. | up to 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Comparison biomarkers of study groups. | Comparison of serum and saliva samples taken before treatment in individuals with periodontitis and periodontitis individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in terms of TIM-3 levels. | up to 1 year |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biruni University | Istanbul | 34025 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42216769 | Derived | Bulut H, Ogut E, Nuriyev K, Besisik F, Karaduman B. Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on biomarker levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2026 May 30. doi: 10.1002/jper.70153. Online ahead of print. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| D015212 | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D005759 | Gastroenteritis |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004797 | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007124 | Immunoenzyme Techniques |
| D007118 | Immunoassay |
| D007158 | Immunologic Techniques |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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| Healthy individuals with İnflammatory Bowel Disease | Experimental | Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) salivary sample and serum will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. TIM-3 levels will be examined to evaluate before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis. A pre-treatment saliva sample and serum will be collected from the healthy individuals with İnflammatory Bowel Disease group. |
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| D005767 |
| Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D007410 | Intestinal Diseases |
| D007163 |
| Immunosorbent Techniques |
| D007150 | Immunohistochemistry |
| D015336 | Molecular Probe Techniques |