Is intercostal tube enough in management of empyema ?

Empyema refers to presence of pus in the pleural space -Causes Primary: bacterial Pneumonia (staph aureus, strept pneumonia , H.influenza) , TB

Secondry :

PostTraumati postoperative :open heart , esophageal, mediastinum , lung rupture of lung absess

-pathophysiology and stages During an inflammatory process such as pneumonia, there is an increase in fluid production in the pleural cavity known as the exudate stage. As the disease progresses microorganisms, usually bacteria, can colonize the fluid and generated an empyema. This fluid is characterized by elevated lactate dehydrogenase, proteins, neutrophils, and dead cells. Macroscopically is a thick opaque fluid found in the fibrinopurulent stage. After the resolution of the infection and as a consequence of the inflammation, there is a process of fibrosis that can lead to restriction of the lung parenchyma which is stage of chronic organization

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients admitted to Assuit university Hospital and diagnosed with empyema

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient diagnosed with Post-operative empyema
• Patient diagnosed with post traumatic empyema
• Patient diagnosed with Bronchopleural fistula
• Patient diagnosed with TB