A 0.5 mm thick hard thermoplastic acrylic plate was adapted to the model in the laboratory and prepared to cover the occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of the teeth

The tape was cut into 2 pieces of an 'I' shape, approximately 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, according to the instructions in the manual.

Participants in the EG group performed the exercises twice a day, with 10 repetitions and 3 sets for 5 weeks.

Kinesio taping is a technique that involves the application of a special elastic tape to the skin to provide support to muscles and joints without restricting the body's range of motion. This method is designed to facilitate the body's natural healing process and improve muscle function while providing support and stability to muscles and joints. Kinesio tape is believed to help reduce pain, support muscles during movement, and aid in rehabilitation. It is commonly used in sports medicine and physical therapy to address a variety of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries.

The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale is a pain assessment tool that uses a series of faces to help individuals, especially children, express the intensity of their pain. It consists of a line of faces ranging from a smiling face (indicating "no pain") to a face with a distressed expression (indicating "worst pain"). The person is asked to point to the face that best represents their level of pain, allowing healthcare providers to assess and understand the individual's pain experience, particularly in cases where verbal communication may be challenging.