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Healthy young males will complete five trials in a randomized crossover counter-balanced order, including three different inter-set rest of resistance exercise in equal training volume, one repeated until failure and sedentary control. During each trial, blood samples will be collected.
The investigators hypothesized that different inter-set rest and training volume would affect subjective appetite and energy intake.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| short inter-set rest | Experimental | 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with short (60s) inter-set rest |
|
| medium inter-set rest | Experimental | 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with medium(120s) inter-set rest |
|
| long inter-set rest | Experimental | 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with long (180s) inter-set rest |
|
| medium inter-set rest with failure | Experimental | 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with medium (120s) inter-set rest repeated to failure each set |
|
| control | No Intervention | stayed sedentary during the period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| short inter-set rest resistance exercise | Other | Subjects in short inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 60 sec of rest between sets. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective appetite | The appetite perceptions were obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed included perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.". | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in acyl-Ghrelin | acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in total-Ghrelin | total-Ghrelin in pg/mL | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in PYY | PYY in pg/mL | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in active-GLP-1 | active-GLP-1 in pg/mL | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in total-GLP-1 | total-GLP-1 in pg/mL | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Change in lactate | insulin in mmol/L | 4-hour during each study intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Explicit liking | A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How pleasant would it be to taste some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely." | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Explicit wanting |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hung-Wen Liu, Ph.D. | National Taiwan Normal University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan Normal University | Taipei | 106 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| medium inter-set rest | Other | Subjects in medium inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets. |
|
| long inter-set rest | Other | Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 180 sec of rest between sets. |
|
| medium inter-set rest with failure | Other | Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, repeated to failure with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets. |
|
A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How much do you want some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely." |
| 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Implicit wanting | Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The implicit wanting calculation involved further consideration of response time data based on preference choices using a standardized equation. | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Relative preference | Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The relative preference was the sum of the times each type of food was chosen, with a maximum value of 48 and a minimum value of 0. | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Fat appeal bias | Fat preference (high or low) was calculated by subtracting the mean low-fat scores from the mean high-fat scores. Positive values suggest a preference for high-fat foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for low-fat or savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between fat content. | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Taste appeal bias | Taste preference (savoury or sweet) was calculated by subtracting the mean savory scores from the mean sweet scores. Positive values suggest a preference for sweet foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between taste categories. | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Change in glucose | glucose in mg/dL | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Change in TG | TG in mg/dL | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Change in insulin | insulin in mU/L | 4 hours during each study intervention |
| Energy intake | Participants are required to record their diet for the day before, the current day, and the day following the experiment. | 3 days during each study intervention |