Maxillary sinus augmentation is one of the most performed procedures to increase the bone quantity of the atrophic maxilla in order to allow implant placement. The aim of the present case series was to describe a surgical protocol to perform maxillary sinus augmentation with the "bone lid technique", and its outcomes in a cohort of patients eligible for the procedure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Partially or fully edentulous patients requiring an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of the premolar or molar maxillary areas with a residual ridge height lower than 4 mm.
• Patients needing for a unilateral or bilateral sinus lift with a lateral wall approach.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients under treatment with immunosuppressive agents
• Patients under treatment with medications that could impair bone metabolism.
• Patients pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Patients who had received irradiation treatment to the head and neck area.
• Patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
• Patients with uncontrolled periodontal disease.

patients referred to the Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, with a severe bone atrophy of the maxillary posterior areas that required bone grafting through a lateral approach of the maxillary sinus

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