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The purpose of the proposed study is to compare the acute effects of different types of exercise modalities on glucose handling in young, healthy males and females. The exercise modalities that will be compared include: a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol, a moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) protocol and a low-load, high-repetition (LL-HR) resistance exercise protocol.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (High intensity interval exercise, Moderate intensity continuous exercise, and Low-load-high repetition resistance exercise) on blood sugar control in young healthy, males and females. To test this theory, a sugar challenge (oral glucose tolerance test - OGTT) will be performed during the pre-testing visit to determine the baseline blood sugar response. An OGTT will also be performed 2 hours after each single exercise session to determine how each type of exercise affects the blood sugar response. Investigators will take multiple blood samples throughout the trial to allow us to measure blood sugar, insulin and concentrations and oxidative stress. Muscle biopsies will be taken before and after each exercise bout so that investigators can examine the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of the different types of exercise on blood sugar control. Investigators will also use an ultrasound to measure factors related to of cardiovascular health such as artery stress and vascular conductance during the exercise bouts. Direct benefits of this study include characterizing sex differences of blood sugar handling after single exercise sessions. This study could have direct benefits on deterring the effectiveness of different forms of exercise on blood sugar levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | Experimental | This visit will include a baseline OGTT to be used as a pre-exercise baseline measure for each of the arms. Participants will then consume a 75g glucose beverage (Trutol, Thermo Scientific) and blood samples will be drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes post consumption. |
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| High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) | Experimental | Participants performed a High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) bout which includes 10 x 1 min at 90% maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 5 min warm up and 5 min cool down at 50watts (low state steady cycling). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test. |
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| Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) | Experimental | Participants performed a Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bout which includes 30 min at 65% maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test. |
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| Low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise (LL-HR) | Experimental | Participants performed a Low-load, high-rep resistance exercise (LL-HR) bout which includes a whole body resistance exercise bout, 3 sets at 30% maximum strength (1RM) for leg press, knee extension, hamstring curl, lat pulldown, shoulder press, chest press, 20-25 reps, last set to failure. 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | Other | control oral glucose tolerance test |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood insulin change | To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood insulin | 120mins |
| Blood glucose change | To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood glucose. | 120mins |
| Blood c-peptide change | To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood c-peptide. | 120mins |
| Insulin sensitivity change | Assess the changes in insulin sensitivity pre to post exercise | 120mins |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| TBC1 domain family member 4 change (TBC1D4) | examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise | 35mins |
| TBC1 domain family member 1 change (TBC1D1) | examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Presence of chronic health condition(s) [i.e. metabolic (i.e. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular (i.e hypertension), respiratory (i.e. chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder) or digestive (i.e. ulcerative colitis) disorders.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Waterloo | Waterloo | Ontario | N2L 3G1 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38518263 | Derived | Beaudry KM, Surdi JC, Pancevski K, Tremblay C, Devries MC. Greater glycemic control following low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise in males and females: a randomized control trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024 Jul 1;49(7):943-955. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0353. Epub 2024 Mar 22. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| Mixed Exercise | Other | exercise performed in randomized order |
|
| 35mins |
| protein kinase B change | examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise | 35mins |
| 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase change | examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise | 35mins |
| glucose transporter 4 change (GLUT4) | examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise | 35mins |
| estrogen concentration | to assess the differences in estrogen concentration between males and females | 30mins |
| progesterone concentration | to assess the differences in progesterone concentration between males and females | 30mins |