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The study is randomized and single-blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah International University, Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A & B through sealed envelope method by Non-probability Convenient random sampling technique. Subjects in Group A will receive Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization. Group B will receive Therapeutic Cupping.
The objective of the study is to determine the effects of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Therapeutic Cupping on Hamstring tightness among football players. The study is randomized and single-blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah International University, Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A & B through sealed envelope method by Non-probability Convenient random sampling technique. Subjects in Group A will receive Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization. Group B will receive Therapeutic Cupping. Players will be assessed by Numeric pain rating scale, Universal Goniometer and Sit & Reach Test after the completion of treatment at 6 weeks.
The data will be analyzed by SPSS, version 25. Statistical significance is P=0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization | Other | The therapist will assess the hamstrings to identify areas of restriction or dysfunction. They will use the Graston Technique instruments to apply strokes and movements along the length of the muscle fibers. Sweeping strokes, cross-fiber friction, and circular motions patterns will be applied. The duration of the IASTM treatment will be 15-30 minutes. |
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| Therapeutic Cupping Technique | Other | After thorough assessment of the Hamstring area, a thin layer of lubricant will be applied on the area about to be cupped. Stationary cupping technique will be used for a duration of 5-15 minutes with multiple Silicone Cups applied on the Hamstrings. For cupping the hamstrings, cups with a diameter of around 1.5 to 2.5 inches (3.8 to 6.4 cm) will be suitable considering the large area of treatment |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization | Other | Graston Technique instruments to apply strokes and movements along the length of the muscle fibers. Sweeping strokes, cross-fiber friction, and circular motions patterns will be applied on hamstring muscles. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hamstring pain | Patient level of pain will be assessed by using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10 | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
| Range of motion | A goniometer is an instrument that measures the available range of motion at a joint. | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
| Flexibility | The sit and reach test will be used to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participant should be a male football player.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imran Ghafoor, M Phil | Contact | 0334-4292887 | imran.ghafoor@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sikander Naseer, DPT | Study Principal Investigator | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan sports board | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 53700 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29185802 | Background | Bridgett R, Klose P, Duffield R, Mydock S, Lauche R. Effects of Cupping Therapy in Amateur and Professional Athletes: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):208-219. doi: 10.1089/acm.2017.0191. Epub 2017 Nov 29. | |
| 31440416 | Background | Cheatham SW, Baker R, Kreiswirth E. INSTRUMENT ASSISTED SOFT-TISSUE MOBILIZATION: A COMMENTARY ON CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Jul;14(4):670-682. |
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Randomized Clinical Trail
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The assessor who will take the readings is blind
| Therapeutic Cupping Technique | Other | Stationary cupping technique will be used for a duration of 5-15 minutes with multiple Silicone Cups applied on the Hamstrings. |
|
| 31083046 | Background | Ikeda N, Otsuka S, Kawanishi Y, Kawakami Y. Effects of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Musculoskeletal Properties. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Oct;51(10):2166-2172. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002035. |
| 28349028 | Background | Kim J, Sung DJ, Lee J. Therapeutic effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization for soft tissue injury: mechanisms and practical application. J Exerc Rehabil. 2017 Feb 28;13(1):12-22. doi: 10.12965/jer.1732824.412. eCollection 2017 Feb. |
| Background | Baker RT, Nasypany A, Seegmiller JG, Baker JG. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment for tissue extensibility dysfunction. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2013 Sep 1;18(5):16-21. |
| 27713575 | Background | Cheatham SW, Lee M, Cain M, Baker R. The efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization: a systematic review. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2016 Sep;60(3):200-211. |
| Background | Thomas K. Blood Flow Restriction and Other Innovations in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. In: Endurance Sports Medicine: A Clinical Guide. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. p. 237-266 |
| Background | Hartnett DA. Gua sha therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pathology: a narrative review. Phys Ther Rev. 2022;27(3):169-175. |
| 33354391 | Background | Warren AJ, LaCross Z, Volberding JL, O'Brien MS. ACUTE OUTCOMES OF MYOFASCIAL DECOMPRESSION (CUPPING THERAPY) COMPARED TO SELF-MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON HAMSTRING PATHOLOGY AFTER A SINGLE TREATMENT. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Aug;15(4):579-592. |