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The research employs a pre-test post-test control group design with a randomized controlled semi-experimental approach to determine the impact of education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome and Mandala activity on premenstrual symptoms.
Research Hypotheses:
H01: Mandala activity is not effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H02: Education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome is not effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H13: Mandala activity is effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H14: Education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome is effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H15: Mandala activity is more effective than education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome in reducing premenstrual symptoms among students with PMS.
Research Groups: Mandala Group, Coping with Premenstrual Symptoms Education Group, and Control Group.
In the conducted international and national literature review, it was observed that various methods are utilized in the management of PMS. Still, no study directly examining the effectiveness of Mandala activity on PMS was found. The literature results provided under the title of Mandala indicate that the activities are predominantly focused on behavioral and psychological conditions. Considering the symptoms of PMS, it is assumed that Mandala activity may have an impact on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of PMS. The assumption of how it might affect the physical symptoms of PMS is also supported by studies indicating that art itself has a therapeutic quality and that the creative process helps individuals develop positive coping methods for the physical discomfort they experience.
The research is planned as a pre-test post-test control group design with a randomized controlled semi-experimental approach, aiming to determine the impact of education on coping with premenstrual syndrome and Mandala activity on premenstrual symptoms
Research Hypotheses:
H01: Mandala activity is not effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H02: Education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome is not effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H13: Mandala activity is effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H14: Education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome is effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms.
H15: Mandala activity is more effective than education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome in reducing premenstrual symptoms among students with PMS.
Research Groups: Mandala Group, Coping with Premenstrual Symptoms Education Group, and Control Group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| mandala | Experimental |
| |
| Coping with Premenstrual Symptoms Education Group | Experimental |
| |
| Control Group | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandala Group | Other | The Mandala activity lasts approximately 60 minutes. • A calm environment is provided during the Mandala activity, and participants are ensured not to be disturbed by external stimuli or individuals unless they request assistance. Each student's last menstrual date is recorded in an Excel table.
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) for mandala pre-test | The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | pre-test |
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) for education pre-test | The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | pre-test |
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) for control | The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | pre-test |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) after mandala-1 session | Mandala sessions are conducted with students approximately 7 days before each monthly menstrual bleeding. The sessions are planned in a total of 3 sessions. Four days after each mandala session, students fill out the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) form. The result obtained at this time represents the PSS outcome after the 1st Mandala session. Students who scored 110 or above on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) and met the inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to study groups. The scores obtained by the included students on the PSS were considered as the pre-test for the study. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: Students who do not meet the criteria mentioned above and are not willing to participate in the study will be excluded.
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Female
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merve SEZER YILDIZ, Ph.D. Std. | Contact | 05301789126 | merveyildiz@bilecik.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Merve SEZER YILDIZ, Ph.D. Student | BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ UNİVERSITY | Principal Investigator |
| Özlem ÇAĞAN, Assist. Professor | ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ UNİVERSITY | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University | Recruiting | Bilecik | Merkez | 11100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011293 | Premenstrual Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008599 | Menstruation Disturbances |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000097813 | Coping Skills |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
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The research employs a pre-test post-test control group design with a randomized controlled semi-experimental approach to determine the impact of education provided for coping with premenstrual syndrome and Mandala activity on premenstrual symptoms.
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Outcomes Assessor will be performed by an investigator who was blinded to group allocation.
|
| Coping with Premenstrual Symptoms Education Group | Other | The education will be conducted through face-to-face interviews in the master's course classroom at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University. The education was conducted using PowerPoint presentations projected onto a white smartboard.
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| Control Group | Other | No intervention will be applied to the control group throughout the research. However, students in this group who cope with premenstrual syndrome using medication or non-medication methods will be monitored during the three-month menstrual cycle. Each student's menstrual cycle in the control group has been recorded in the Excel table. The estimated end of menstruation for each student has been noted.
|
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| Four days after the first menstrual bleeding. |
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) after mandala-2 session | Mandala sessions are conducted with students approximately 7 days before each monthly menstrual bleeding. The sessions are planned in a total of 3 sessions. Four days after each mandala session, students fill out the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) form. The result obtained at this time represents the PSS outcome after the 2st Mandala session. Students who scored 110 or above on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) and met the inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to study groups. The scores obtained by the included students on the PSS were considered as the pre-test for the study. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | Four days after the second menstrual bleeding." |
| the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) after mandala-3 session | Mandala sessions are conducted with students approximately 7 days before each monthly menstrual bleeding. The sessions are planned in a total of 3 sessions. Four days after each mandala session, students fill out the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) form. The result obtained at this time represents the PSS outcome after the 3st Mandala session. Students who scored 110 or above on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) and met the inclusion criteria of the study were randomly assigned to study groups. The scores obtained by the included students on the PSS were considered as the pre-test for the study. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | Four days after the third menstrual bleeding. |
| Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) education final test | Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | After the third menstrual bleeding, four days later. |
| Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) control final test | The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS): The PMSS consists of 44 items. The total PMSS score is obtained by summing the scores of subscales. The lowest score that can be obtained on the scale is 44, and the highest score is 220. Higher scores indicate increased severity of PMS symptoms. | After the third menstrual bleeding, four days later. |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |