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This research was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study in order to reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms of women with premenstrual syndrome.
Occurs in the luteal phase and decreases or declines significantly with the onset of menstruation; physical such as breast tenderness, headache, bloating; Premenstrual syndrome is a health problem with more than 150 psychological and behavioral symptoms such as anger outbursts, irritability, anxiety, mood fluctuations, sleep and eating disorders.
Symptoms experienced during the premenstrual period lead to results such as mood/affective disorder in women, deterioration in daily life activities and social relations, an increase in negative health behaviors, as well as low academic performance in students, decreased participation in classes, getting low grades in exams, and not showing up for exams.Since its etiology is unclear, no specific treatment method can be found, and non-pharmacological therapies such as stress control, lifestyle changes, exercise and complementary therapies such as evening primrose oil, chasteberry and acupuncture are applied in its management.
Psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung discovered the psychic healing transformations created by mandala painting, one of the art therapy methods, through his own experience and that of his patients.
Various studies have determined that mandala coloring improves physical and psychological symptoms, but no studies have been conducted with PMS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mandala coloring group | Experimental | Mandala painting will be applied to women suffering from premenstrual syndrome. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | Participants in this group will consist of people who do not routinely do any practice on their own to reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandala coloring | Other | Each participant will be given 12 colored felt-tip pen paint sets and 12 mandala coloring pages by the researchers. Participants will be asked to dye for 3 menstrual cycles, 14 days before the start of menstruation, 1 day a week, at any time of the day and for an average of 20-30 minutes each time. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Introductory Information Form | The form consists of questions about socio-demographic and menstrual periods. | between one to six months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Premenstrual Syndrome Scale | The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale was developed by Gençdoğan (2006) to measure premenstrual symptoms and determine their severity. It is a five-point Likert type scale (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Frequently, Always) consisting of 44 items. The scale is scored as "Never" 1 point, "Rarely" 2 points, "Sometimes" 3 points, "Frequently" 4 points, and "Always" 5 points. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale includes nine subdimensions which are depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite change, sleep change, and bulge. The total Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score is obtained from the total points received from all nine subdimensions of the scale. A higher score from the scale means the intensity of Premenstrual Syndrome Scale symptoms increases too. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.75. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Female
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Efsun DERİN | Kırklareli University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kırklareli University | Kırklareli | Centre | 39000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41177972 | Derived | Derin E, Solt Kirca A. The Effect of Mandala Coloring on Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2026 Mar-Apr 01;40(2):123-130. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000724. Epub 2025 Nov 3. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011293 | Premenstrual Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008599 | Menstruation Disturbances |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| between one to six months |