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This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an Internet-based behavioural parent training intervention on children's ADHD symptoms and children's and parents' mental health status.
The study design was a 2-parallel-group experimental longitudinal study. Firstly, the children received a diagnostic interview by an experienced child and adolescent psychiatrist at Wuhan Mental Health Centre for confirmation of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parents who were eligible for the inclusion criteria and interested in the internet-based behavioural Parent Training (I-BPT) program were recruited. After the assessments of ADHD symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity, participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the routine clinical care (RCC) group or I-BPT+RCC group using computer-generated randomization numbers. Participants in the I-BPT+RCC group were offered 2 months (8 weeks) of internet-assisted parent training in addition to routine outpatient treatment. The RCC group initially received only routine outpatient treatment, yet, after post-follow-up assessment, they were provided with the same I-BPT intervention for ethical considerations. Both groups were followed up after intervention by electronic questionnaire.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet-based behavioral parent training (I-BPT+RCC) | Experimental | Internet-based behavioural parent training in a group format in addition to routine clinical care, 8 sessions over 2 months, delivered by a systematically trained and supervised therapist. |
|
| Routine clinical care (RCC) | No Intervention | Routine clinical care for 2 months, delivered by experienced child psychiatrists, including medication treatment and examinations, crisis interventions, parent counselling and support. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet-based behavioral parent training (I-BPT) | Behavioral | Internet-based behavioural parent training in a group format, 8 sessions over 2 months, delivered by a systematically trained and supervised therapist. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham, Version IV Scale-parent form (SNAP-IV) | This questionnaire consists of two symptom domains: inattention (9 items) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (9 items). Each item of SNAP-IV assigned a score from 0 (never or rarely) to 3 (very often), with a higher score indicating more severe ADHD symptoms. | From baseline to 2 months |
| Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form (WFIRS-P) | This scale consists of 50 items, each with a score ranging from 0 to 3, a higher average score indicates a greater impairment. | From baseline to 2 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) | This scale encompasses 41 items, each item ranges from 0 to 2, with a higher score indicating more severe anxiety symptoms. | From baseline to 2 months |
| Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form (CDI-S) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tang Jun, Master | director in Child and Adolescent Psychological Ward of Wuhan Mental Health Center | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wuhan Mental Health Centre | Wuhan | Hubei | 430022 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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The CDI-S consists of 10 items, each scored with 0, 1, or 2 points. Depression is rated on a scale of 0 to 15; higher scores indicate more serious symptoms of depression. |
| From baseline to 2 months |
| The seven-item version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) | The GAD is a 7-item self-reported questionnaire, with a total score ranging from 0 to 21, and a higher score indicating increased anxiety. | From baseline to 2 months |
| The nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | The PHQ-9 scale comprises nine items, assigning scores from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score of the PHQ-9 questionnaire ranged from 0 to 27, with a higher score indicating more severe depressive symptoms. | From baseline to 2 months |
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) | This scale consists of 15 items, with a total score from 15 to 75. The higher score indicates more higher stress level. | From baseline to 2 months |
| Client Satisfaction Questionnaire adapted to Internet-based interventions (CSQ-I) | The CSQ-I consists of 8 items, with a total score of 0 to 32. The higher scores correspond to greater satisfaction of participants. | posttest: 2 months to pretest |