BPT is an evidence-based psychosocial intervention that is directed exclusively to parent of children with ADHD and related disorders. BPT focuses on instructing parents to use approaches to enhance the parent-child relationship (e.g., quality time, praise) and proactive discipline strategies (e.g., time out, reward systems) to reduce challenging child behavior.

The IOWA-CRS is a widely used brief measure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional-defiant behavior in children completed by parents. IOWA-CRS consists of 10 items evaluated using a four-point Likert scale with the following anchors: not at all (0); just a little (1); pretty much (2); and very much (3). The total score range is 10-40; the higher the score, the more concerns with the child's behavior.

The IRS measures impairment across domains of functioning, as well as overall need for treatment - consists of 7 items. Parents report on a 7-point scale to signify their child's functioning along a continuum of impairment that ranges from 0 (Not a problem at all. Definitely does not need treatment or special services.) to 6 (Extreme problem. Definitely needs treatment and special services). The total score range is 0-42; the higher the score, the more extreme the challenges and higher the need for intervention.

APQ-9 is a well-validated 9-item measure of parenting style. Items are rated by the parent scored based on frequency of parenting behavior from Never (1), Almost Never (2), Sometimes (3), Often (4), Always (5). APQ-SF items are based around the three main structures: positive parenting (items 1, 6-7), inconsistent discipline (items 2, 4, 9) and poor supervision (items 3, 5, 8). The score range per structure is 3-27; the higher the score, the more frequent the parenting behavior (e.g., higher scores in positive parenting structure indicates more frequent positive parenting).

PSI-SF is a 36-item self-report measure used to assess parenting stress in three domains, Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child. The PSI-SF is measured along a 5-point scale with one (Strongly Disagree) to five (Strongly Agree). Higher scores indicate greater levels of parenting stress. For this study, the Total Stress score, which is the sum of the three PSI-SF domains, will be used (total score range = 36-180).