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The purpose of this study is to improve current galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) technology to ease the motion sickness often associated with virtual reality (VR) simulation.
The Three-Axis Wearable Adaptive Vestibular Stimulator (3WAVeS) technology that combines galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and Virtual Reality (VR) will not only increase VR-based simulation realism and presence, but will also mitigate the motion sickness often associated with VR simulation by re-coupling the vestibular and ocular inputs to the VR user. Additionally, due to GVS technology's ability to accurately provide continuous inputs to the vestibular system, 3WAVeS can intentionally simulate high-fidelity effects of spatial disorientation for training purposes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive GVS During VR Flight Simulation | Experimental | Subjects will receive positive galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) during a flight simulation in virtual reality (VR). |
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| Negative GVS During VR Flight Simulation | Experimental | Subjects will receive negative galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) during a flight simulation in virtual reality (VR). |
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| No GVS During VR Flight Simulation | Experimental | Subjects will not receive any galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) during a flight simulation in virtual reality (VR). |
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| Positive GVS During 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system | Experimental | Subjects will receive positive galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) while utilizing the 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system. |
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| Negative GVS During 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) | Device | Four electrodes, forehead, behind both ears, and back of your neck, provide bidirectional electrical stimulation and receive information about the amplitude delivered accounting for skin impedance |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pensacola Diagnostic Index-based motion sickness questionnaire | This index allowed a comparison of motion sickness severity across subjects that may each present with a different constellation of symptoms like nausea, skin color, sweating, salivation, drowsiness, headache, and dizziness. The approach is to have the subject and/or observer grade the subjective intensity of different modalities of symptoms and signs (described below) as slight, moderate or severe. Overall motion sickness severity is then derived from a sum of scores resulting in a weighted "malaise index". | Immediately after each flight stimulation session, approximately 1 hour |
| COG Sway velocity | The sway angle of the center of gravity (COG) is the measure the amount of sway in any direction. The COG sway velocity is the ratio of the distance traveled by the COG (degrees) to the time (sec) of the trial. | Immediately after balance testing in each session, approximately 1 hour |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of vestibular disease, migraine, or significant balance disorder; history of severe motion sensitivity, women who are pregnant.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gaurav Pradhan, PhD | Mayo Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic Arizona | Scottsdale | Arizona | 85259 | United States |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jul 30, 2024 | Sep 5, 2025 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009041 | Motion Sickness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Participants will be blinded to the galvanic stimulation (GVS) intervention.
| Experimental |
Subjects will receive negative galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) while utilizing the 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system. |
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| No GVS During 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system | Experimental | Subjects will not receive any galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) while utilizing the 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system. |
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| Flight simulations in virtual reality (VR) | Other | Highly immersive, 3D virtual flight simulation environment |
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| 3-DOF Bertec Portable Essential's dual-balance force plate system | Other | Firm surface/plate to stand on while being presented disorienting visual patters of moving vertical and/or horizontal bars of alternating black and white. |
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