Hand Grip Strength in Athletic and Non-Athletic Girls at Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Hand Grip Strength in Athletic and Non-Athletic Girls at Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

The study was designed as an observational study

The study was designed as an observational case-control study

Inclusion Criteria:

- 1. The participant had regular menstrual cycles, which were confirmed by using a calendar for three consecutive menstrual cycles, 2. The participant ages ranged from 16 to 22 years old, 3. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 to 25 kg/m2. 4. For athletic group, they had participated in basketball and tennis teams for 3 to 4 years.

5. For non-athletic group, they had a sedentary life without any sport activities.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants were excluded from the study if they had:

  1. Irregular menstrual cycle
  2. Pelvic inflammatory diseases, pelvic infection or gynecological diseases.
  3. Any musculoskeletal disorders of Upper extremity or surgery, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological or systemic conditions.
  4. Receiving contraceptives or any hormonal therapy.