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This study aims to investigate the effect of combining conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration compared to conventional ultrafiltration alone in patients who underwent open heart surgery.
The target of this study is adult patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease and valve disease who underwent open heart surgery in CICU PJT RSCM and Jakarta Heart Hospital. The research was conducted after obtaining approval from the FKUI-RSCM ethical committee, and the research subjects agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. The anesthesia team prepared research subjects undergoing surgery with the placement of arterial cannulas, central venous catheters, sheath introducers, pulmonary artery catheters, and anesthesia management. The placement of these instruments aimed at measuring dependent variables studied included Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR), Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR), Cardiac Index (CI), and IL-6 levels. The CPB machine was used during the heart chamber opening procedure or coronary artery graft placement, and CUF was initiated. After CPB use was concluded, research subjects were allocated to either the control group or the treatment group through randomization. MUF was performed post-CPB in the treatment group, with the pump speed not exceeding 10% of full flow for 10 minutes. IL-6 levels were measured twice, namely before induction of anesthesia and 24 hours after CPB. SVR, PVR, and CI measurements were carried out before CPB, post-CPB, 10 minutes post-CPB, and 24 hours post-CPB.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional Ultrafiltration alone on Cardiopulmonary bypass | Active Comparator | Conventional ultrafiltration was used on a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure for patients who underwent open heart surgery |
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| Conventional Ultrafiltration followed by Modified Ultrafitration on Cardiopulmonary bypass | Active Comparator | Modified ultrafiltration was used following the conventional ultrafiltration on cardiopulmonary bypass procedure for patients who underwent open heart surgery |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional Ultrafiltration alone on Cardiopulmonary bypass | Procedure | Conventional Ultrafiltration was used on Cardiopulmonary bypass for patients who underwent open heart surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-6 | Comparison of IL-6 levels between combination conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration with conventional ultrafiltration only on cardiopulmonary bypass. IL-6 levels were assessed using blood samples drawn through a Central Venous Catheter installed before the procedure. Elevated IL-6 levels are indicative of heightened inflammation in the patient, correlating with a more adverse outcome. | 24 hours |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) | Comparison of SVR between combination conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration with conventional ultrafiltration only on cardiopulmonary bypass. SVR is the aortic resistance value that the left heart must surpass to pump blood out effectively. SVR measurements are acquired by placing a Pulmonary Artery Catheter in the jugular vein, which is subsequently connected to a Philips monitor. This allows for automatic reading of SVR in dyne.sec/cm5 units through the monitor. | 24 hours |
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) | Comparison of PVR between combination conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration with conventional ultrafiltration only on cardiopulmonary bypass. PVR is the pulmonary artery resistance value that the right heart must surmount to efficiently pump blood out. PVR measurements are derived from the insertion of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter via the jugular vein, which is subsequently linked to a Philips monitor, facilitating automated readings in units of dyne.sec/cm5 through the monitor. | 24 hours |
| Cardiac Index | Comparison of Cardiac Index between combination conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration with conventional ultrafiltration only on cardiopulmonary bypass. The cardiac index (CI) represents the volume of blood continuously ejected from the left heart in one minute, relative to the body surface area. CI measurements are acquired through the insertion of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter via the jugular vein, which is subsequently linked to a Philips monitor. This allows for automatic readings in units of L/minute/m2. A higher CI value corresponds to a more favorable patient outcome. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Drop-out Criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ratna F Soenarto, Consultant | Indonesia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cipto Mangunkusumo Central National Hospital | Jakarta Pusat | DKI Jakarta | Indonesia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16304298 | Background | Mahmoud AB, Burhani MS, Hannef AA, Jamjoom AA, Al-Githmi IS, Baslaim GM. Effect of modified ultrafiltration on pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest. 2005 Nov;128(5):3447-53. doi: 10.1378/chest.128.5.3447. | |
| 11568065 | Background | Luciani GB, Menon T, Vecchi B, Auriemma S, Mazzucco A. Modified ultrafiltration reduces morbidity after adult cardiac operations: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Circulation. 2001 Sep 18;104(12 Suppl 1):I253-9. doi: 10.1161/hc37t1.094931. |
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| Conventional Ultrafiltration followed by Modified Ultrafitration on Cardiopulmonary bypass | Procedure | Modified Ultrafiltration was used following the Conventional Ultrafiltration on Cardiopulmonary bypass for patients who underwent open heart surgery |
|
| 24 hours |
| 27671216 | Background | Lomivorotov VV, Efremov SM, Kirov MY, Fominskiy EV, Karaskov AM. Low-Cardiac-Output Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017 Feb;31(1):291-308. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.05.029. Epub 2016 Jul 29. No abstract available. |
| 26585039 | Background | Chandler HK, Kirsch R. Management of the Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2016;12(2):107-11. doi: 10.2174/1573403x12666151119164647. |
| 17952108 | Background | Suleiman MS, Zacharowski K, Angelini GD. Inflammatory response and cardioprotection during open-heart surgery: the importance of anaesthetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;153(1):21-33. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707526. Epub 2007 Oct 22. |
| 25208430 | Background | Young RW. Prevention of lung injury in cardiac surgery: a review. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2014 Jun;46(2):130-41. |
| 11825729 | Background | Paparella D, Yau TM, Young E. Cardiopulmonary bypass induced inflammation: pathophysiology and treatment. An update. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002 Feb;21(2):232-44. doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01099-5. |
| 27490610 | Background | Bronicki RA, Hall M. Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Inflammatory Response: Pathophysiology and Treatment. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug;17(8 Suppl 1):S272-8. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000759. |
| 26116810 | Background | Zakkar M, Ascione R, James AF, Angelini GD, Suleiman MS. Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery. Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Oct;154:13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009. Epub 2015 Jun 24. |
| 20682630 | Background | Atkins BZ, Danielson DS, Fitzpatrick CM, Dixon P, Petersen RP, Carpenter AJ. Modified ultrafiltration attenuates pulmonary-derived inflammatory mediators in response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010 Nov;11(5):599-603. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2010.234344. Epub 2010 Aug 3. |
| 27857938 | Background | Sheikhi MA, Ebadi A, Shahriary A, Davoodzadeh H, Rahmani H. Cardiac Surgery Anesthesia And Systemic Inflammatory Response. Int J Bioassays. 2015;4(2):3648-3655. doi: 10.21746/ijbio.2015.02.005. |
| 27583586 | Background | Muller-Werdan U, Prondzinsky R, Werdan K. Effect of inflammatory mediators on cardiovascular function. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2016 Oct;22(5):453-63. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000345. |
| 12243435 | Background | Chew MS, Brix-Christensen V, Ravn HB, Brandslund I, Ditlevsen E, Pedersen J, Hjortholm K, Hansen OK, Tonnesen E, Hjortdal VE. Effect of modified ultrafiltration on the inflammatory response in paediatric open-heart surgery: a prospective, randomized study. Perfusion. 2002 Sep;17(5):327-33. doi: 10.1191/0267659102pf595oa. |
| 28255321 | Background | Ziyaeifard M, Alizadehasl A, Aghdaii N, Rahimzadeh P, Masoumi G, Golzari SE, Fatahi M, Gorjipur F. The effect of combined conventional and modified ultrafiltration on mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic changes in congenital heart surgery. J Res Med Sci. 2016 Nov 7;21:113. doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.193504. eCollection 2016. |
| 18840575 | Background | Perez-Vela JL, Ruiz-Alonso E, Guillen-Ramirez F, Garcia-Maellas MT, Renes-Carreno E, Cerro-Garcia M, Cortina-Romero J, Hernandez-Rodriguez I. ICU outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients in relation to ultrafiltration type. Perfusion. 2008 Mar;23(2):79-87. doi: 10.1177/0267659108095167. |
| 23429100 | Background | Papadopoulos N, Bakhtiary F, Grun V, Weber CF, Strasser C, Moritz A. The effect of normovolemic modified ultrafiltration on inflammatory mediators, endotoxins, terminal complement complexes and clinical outcome in high-risk cardiac surgery patients. Perfusion. 2013 Jul;28(4):306-14. doi: 10.1177/0267659113478450. Epub 2013 Feb 19. |
| 11192306 | Background | Onoe M, Magara T, Yamamoto Y, Nojima T. Modified ultrafiltration removes serum interleukin-8 in adult cardiac surgery. Perfusion. 2001 Jan;16(1):37-42. doi: 10.1177/026765910101600106. |