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Background: Our study aims to determine the effect of relaxation and breathing exercises in addition to the treatment procedure on depression level, sleep quality, and spasticity in hemiplegic patients.
Methods: Thirty patients aged 40-70 years diagnosed with hemiplegia were included in the study. All patients received the same Bobath exercise three days a week for six weeks. Patients in Group 2 additionally received breathing and relaxation exercises. Sleep quality assessment by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), depression by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and spasticity by Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) were used. All assessments were made at baseline and six weeks after exercise treatments.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bobath Exercises | Experimental | Bobath Exercises |
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| Breathing Exercises,Breathing Exercises, Bobath Exercises | Experimental | Breathing Exercises,Breathing Exercises, Bobath Exercises |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bobath Exercises | Other | The Bobath approach aims to enhance postural and neuromotor control goal-directedly, leading to functional improvement. Our study selected the Bobath 30 exercises from the fundamental exercises to create a program specific to the goal and targeting functionality. The ten Bobath exercises performed by all participants in the study are as follows: Bridging Exercise, Latissimus Stretch Exercise, Autoinhibition Exercise, Dorsiflexion Training, Sitting Balance Training, Upper Extremity Weight Shifting Exercise, Lower Extremity Weight Shifting Exercise, Oblique Abdominal Strengthening Exercise, Knee Control Training, and Walking Training. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality assessment | The subjective sleep questionnaire, the PUKI, is used to assess individuals' sleep quality, sleep duration, presence of sleep problems, and the severity of sleep problems over the past month. | 30 min |
| Depression assessment | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-assessment scale developed to determine the risk, level, and severity of anxiety and depression in individuals | 30 min |
| Spasticity assessment | Spasticity is a method used to determine the severity of spasticity. The assessment is based on the subjective rating of the resistance felt by the evaluator during the evaluation. It is divided into six degrees: 0 = Normal muscle tone, 1 = Slight increase in muscle tone with minimal resistance felt at the end of the range of motion, 1+ = Minimal resistance felt in less than half of the range of motion, 2 = more pronounced increase in muscle tone but affected parts can be moved without difficulty, 3 = Passive movement is complex and requires significant effort, with a noticeable increase in muscle tone, 4 = Affected parts are rigid in flexion and extension, with severe increase in tone. | 15 min |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Aydın University | Istanbul | 34900 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001945 | Breathing Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026241 | Exercise Movement Techniques |
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|
| Breathing Exercises,Breathing Exercises, Bobath Exercises | Other | The puckered lip breathing exercise aims to prevent the closure of the small airways by creating pressure during expiration. During the exercise, the individual is asked to follow these steps:
|
|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D026741 |
| Physical Therapy Modalities |