Bobath exercises: Bobath is a type of physiotherapy treatment which aims to improve movement and mobility in patients with damage to their central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

perturbation on four directions, weight bearing exercises on standing positions

The Functional Reach Test was first developed by Pamela Duncan and colleagues in 1990. It is a quick and simple, single-task dynamic test that defines functional reach as "the maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm's length, while maintaining a fixed base of support in the standing position". It is a dynamic rather than a static test and measures a person's "margin of stability" as well as ability to maintain balance during a functional task. The test has been shown by Duncan to be predictive of falls in older adults.

The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is an 18-item of physical, psychological and social function. The tool is used to assess a patient's level of disability as well as change in patient status in response to rehabilitation or medical intervention. Tasks that are evaluated using the FIM include bowel and bladder control, transfers, locomotion, communication, social cognition as well as the following six self-care activities: Feeding,Grooming, Bathing, Upper Body Dressing, Lower Body Dressing,Toileting

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a stroke-specific, performance-based impairment index. It is designed to assess motor functioning, balance, sensation and joint functioning in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. It is applied clinically and in research to determine disease severity, describe motor recovery, and to plan and assess treatment. The scale is comprised of five domains and there are 155 items in total: Motor functioning (in the upper and lower extremities), Sensory functioning (evaluates light touch on two surfaces of the arm and leg, and position sense for 8 joints), Balance (contains 7 tests, 3 seated and 4 standing), Joint range of motion (8 joints), Joint pain.

The Trunk Control Test can be used to assess the motor impairment in a patient who has had a stroke. It correlates with eventual walking ability. It has 4 items: 1) Rolling to weak side 2) Rolling to strong side 3) Balance in sitting position 4) Sit up from lying down. Total score range: 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum, indicating better performance). Score of each item: (0, 12 or 25). 0 = unable to perform movement without assistance. 12 = able to perform movement, but in an abnormal style 25 = able to complete movement normally. For the sitting balance item, a patient scores 12 if they need to touch anything with their hands to stay upright, and 0 if they are unable to stay up (by any means) for 30 seconds.

Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) measures the motor impairment of the trunk after a stroke through the evaluation of static and dynamic sitting balance as well as co-ordination of trunk movement. The static subscale investigates: (1) the ability of the subject to maintain a sitting position; (2) the ability to maintain a sitting position while the legs are passively crossed, (3) the ability to maintain a sitting position when the subject crosses the legs actively. The dynamic subscale contains items on L. flexion of the trunk and unilateral lifting of the hip. To assess the coordination of the trunk, the subject is asked to rotate the upper or lower part of his or her trunk 6 times, Scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 23. If patient scores 0 on the first item, the total score on the TIS is 0.