This group consists of 20 postmenopausal women suffering from thoracic hyper kyphosis. They receive daily session of 30minutes even by therapist or at home for 12 weeks. the corrective exercises for the thoracic spine consist of strengthening exercises for back muscles and stretching exercises for pectoral muscles

This group consists of 20 postmenopausal women suffering from thoracic hyper kyphosis, who receive the corrective exercises prescribed above in addition to resisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise. They receive daily session of 30minutes even by therapist or at home for 12 weeks.

corrective exercises:

1. Strengthening exercises :

   1. Thoracic extension exercises:

      • Mckanzie's thoracic extension exercise:
      • Thoracic spine stretching position

   2. Back extension exercise

   3. Abdominal curl up exercise

   4. Scapular retraction exercises

   5. Trunk rotation exercise

2. Stretching exercises:

   1. Pectoral muscles stretch from sitting
   2. self-stretch for pectoral muscle infront of door

A flexible curve ruler was used to measure the kyphosis angle. The adjustable curve is one of the non-invasive methods for kyphosis and lordosis angle assessments in the sagittal plan.

To measure diaphragmatic excursion, an ultrasonography device was applied with a probe frequency of 2-5 MHz. The right hemi-diaphragmatic excursion was assessed during deep inspiration and deep expiration

The QUALEFFO-41 is a self-administered, disease specific questionnaire used frequently in clinical research. It possesses five domains (41 items in total): pain (5 items), physical function (17 items), social function (7 items), general health perception (3 items) and mental function (9 items).

The total QUALEFFO score is calculated as a sum of all answers to items and then linearly transformed on the scale 0-100. The worse the HRQOL condition is, the higher the score gets. The actual score was calculated by the summation of all questions answers, the lowest possible score was 41, the score range was 164 (41 subtracted from 205)

Visual analogue scale (VAS) is the most common pain scale for quantification of endometriosis-related pain and skin graft donor site-related pain. A review came to the conclusion that VAS was one of the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement for research purposes.The scale described by the researcher to patients in order to make its use easy. The patients will chose a value from numerized values from 0-10 printed on the scale, 0 (indicates no pain) while 10 (indicates maximum pain) and in between the values are classified.