sequencing the susceptibility genes for CP, including serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1, cationic trypsinogen, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, chymotrypsin C, etc.

• CP-associated caesarean delivery referred to caesarean deliveries which happened due to the attack of CP or comorbidities associated with CP such as GDM and HDP.
• CP-associated preterm delivery was defined as preterm deliveries which happened due to the attack of CP or comorbidities associated with CP.
• GDM was defined as the onset or first recognition of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was based on characteristic symptoms, as well as elevated serum bile acids, in the absence of other hepatobiliary disease.
• HDP included preeclampsia/eclampsia, chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension.

• Low birth weight was defined as weight at birth <2500 g.
• CP-associated abortion referred to abortions (i.e., a nonviable intrauterine pregnancy up to 20 weeks' gestation) which happened due to the attack of CP or comorbidities associated with CP.
• Congenital anomaly referred to the inborn errors of development.
• Stillbirth was defined as the delivery of a fetus ≥20 weeks of gestation with no signs of life.