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The goal of this clinical trial is to compare betaine supplementation to placebo in firefighters undergoing live burn training regarding thermoregulation and inflammation. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will supplement with betaine for 1 month and complete:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | 10 participants will be given rice-flour as a placebo |
|
| Betaine | Active Comparator | 10 participants will be given betaine |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betaine | Dietary Supplement | 3 grams per day for ~4 weeks |
|
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Thermoregulation | Core temperature (Degrees C), skin temperature (Degrees C) | 10 minutes before the live burn, during the ~15 minute live burn, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the live burn. |
| Stress (enzyme linked immunoassays) | Salivary expression of Testosterone, Cortisol, interleukin-8, and interleukin 6 will be measured. | before, immediately after, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes after live burn |
| Stress (respiration efficiency) | Air tank pounds per square inch (PSI) will be recorded | immediately before and immediately after the completion of the live burn |
| Sweat Rate | Changes in body weight in kg will be used to find loss of sweat in L | immediately before and immediately after the completion of the live burn |
| Sweat Content | Tegaderm patches will be worn during the live burn to analyze sodium concentration in sweat. | immediately before and immediately after the completion of the live burn |
| Subjective measures | Visual analog scales will be given to participants for subjective thermal sensation, rate of perceived exertion, and thirst | immediately before and immediately after the completion of the live burn |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Stress (enzyme linked immunoassays) | Saliva will be analyzed for testosterone, cortisol, uric acid, and c-reactive protein | Before supplementation and after 4 weeks of supplementation |
| Chronic Stress (vitals) professional firefighters. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
• Participants have a cardiometabolic disease for which they take prescribed medications
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute of Sports Science and Medicine | Tallahassee | Florida | 32301 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D003681 | Dehydration |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D014883 | Water-Electrolyte Imbalance |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001622 | Betaine |
| D005433 | Flour |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050337 | Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds |
| D000644 | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Placebo | Dietary Supplement | 3 grams per day for ~4 weeks |
|
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Resting blood pressure in mmHg and heart rate in beats per minute will be measured.
| Before supplementation and after 4 weeks of supplementation |
| Fluid Compartment Volumes (Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrocopy) professional firefighters. | Intracellular fluid volume (L), extracellular fluid volume (L), plasma volume (L), total body water (L) | Before supplementation and after 4 weeks of supplementation |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D009861 |
| Onium Compounds |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |