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Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programs are a multidisciplinary process aimed at patient recovery after an acute cardiovascular event or with chronic heart disease, reducing mortality and morbidity, optimising functional capacity and improving quality of life. The aim is to maintain or recover the patient's clinical, physical and psychosocial condition, slowing down or halting the progression of the underlying disease process. It is based on the practice of personalized physical exercise and the adaptation of behaviours towards a healthier lifestyle, ensuring the reduction and control of risk factors. It is considered a cost-effective intervention that is explicitly and formally recommended by the most diverse and important scientific societies. Through the partnership and collaboration between the various health institutions and the academy, the CR program will take place on an outpatient basis, in a supervised manner, starting after risk stratification with a stress test and respective clinical assessment by a cardiologist. The coordinator of the CR program will be a cardiologist, and the entire multidisciplinary team will be responsible for effectiveness and safety, as well as patient assessment and progress.
The outpatient CR program is designed for a group of participants who have had a cardiac event, based on the American College of Sports Medicine's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, consisting of two exercise sessions/week. The sessions are supervised by a healthcare professional specialising in cardiac rehabilitation, and the participant's haemodynamic status is monitored continuously using scales and electronic equipment. PROMs will be applied before and after the program.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Rehabilitation intervention | Experimental | Outpatient intervention with participants after a cardiac event who fulfil the inclusion criteria. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac rehabilitation program (PROMs) | Other | The program is multidisciplinary with the following components:
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| EQ5D-5L: Health-related quality of life | The EQ5D makes it possible to assess quality of life in a given pathology in the general population, presented in different domains. The visual analogue scale of this questionnaire has a score of 0-100. Higher scores mean a better result. | Before the intervention and up to 8 weeks. |
| HADS: Anxiety and depression | Participants' anxiety and worries are also assessed. Mood disorders, weakness, worry, stress, and depression are common psychological repercussions for patients after a cardiac event, which can trigger hyperventilation reactions. This type of common reaction to emotional extremes such as fear, anxiety, or stress in participants can have a direct impact on involvement in CR programs. This questionnaire is made up of 14 questions. Lower scores mean a better result. | Before the intervention and up to 8 weeks. |
| BREQ-2: Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire | Assessment of the different aspects of motivational regulation for exercise. It is a questionnaire that evaluates and represents the differences in the ways in which people's behaviour can be regulated and how these differences are experienced. | Before the intervention and up to 8 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | Heart rate (bpm) | Before, during and up to 8 weeks of the program. |
| Blood pressure | Blood pressure (mmHg) | Before, during and up to 8 weeks of the program. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National School of Public Health | Lisbon | Portugal |
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| Peripheral oxygen saturation | Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) | Before, during and up to 8 weeks of the program. |
| Exercise Capacity | Borg scale- score 0-10. Higher values mean greater respiratory effort. | During and up to 8 weeks of the program. |
| Weight | Weight (Kg) | Before the intervention and up to 8 weeks. |
| Abdominal perimeter | Abdominal perimeter (cm) | Before the intervention and up to 8 weeks. |