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An optimum recovery profile after AT includes a rapid, smooth awakening without emergence agitation (EA), stable vital signs and oxygenation, reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), controlled postoperative pain, and patient or parents' satisfaction. Ketamine is a low-cost drug with a wide therapeutic window. Ketamine is a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with good analgesic properties and periprocedural amnesia.
The ketamine/midazolam combination was administered in different ways with controversial results about their effect on the EA and recovery profile.
Ketofol, a mixture of ketamine and propofol, has been used in different favorable recovery profiles regarding postoperative EA and PONV.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of premedication with an intramuscular ketamine/ midazolam combination versus pre-extubation ketofol on the EA and the recovery profile.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group-A; ketamine/midazolam premedication | Active Comparator |
| |
| Group-B: Ketofol pre-extubation | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ketamine/midazolam | Drug | premedication |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| incidence of Emergence agitation | starting from time of PACU admission after recover from anesthesia till 6 hours postoperative |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abeer Ahmed | Contact | 01005244590 | abeer_ahmed@kasralainy.edu.eg |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abeer Ahmed | Recruiting | Maadi | Cairo Governorate | 11562 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000071257 | Emergence Delirium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003693 | Delirium |
| D003221 | Confusion |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
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| Ketofol |
| Drug |
Pre-extubation |
|
| Anesthesia department - Faculty of medicine- Cairo University | Recruiting | Cairo | Egypt |
|
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D006838 |
| Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |