This group includes 15 patients who received muscle energy technique post-surgery in addition to traditional shoulder exercise, 3 sessions/week for four weeks.

This group includes 15 patients who received mobilization in addition to traditional shoulder exercise, 3 sessions/week for four weeks.

It was applied on the shoulder flexion and the external rotation. An isometric contraction of the agonist muscle (the muscle which requires stretching) for 7 seconds with gentle muscle contraction to avoid the risk of increasing the muscle tone. This contraction started just short of the restrictive barrier. After that, the patient is asked to relax for 2-3 seconds and then the therapist stretches the contracted muscle in the opposite direction for 30 seconds. This is repeated three repetitions for each muscle.

A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used for the first time in 1921 by Hayes and Patterson. It is often used in epidemiology and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. It has a 100-mm-long horizontal line labeled ''no pain' (with or without related facial expressions) at one extreme and ''worst pain ever' at the other. Pain intensity is determined by the length of the line as measured from the left-hand side to the point marked.

It is a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 13 items divided in two parts: pain and disability sub-scale. The pain subscale includes five questions about pain intensity. The disability subscale includes eight questions about difficulty in different orders. Each question of both pain and disability subscale was scaled in numeric ratings ranging from 0 to 10. Each score was summed up and transformed into percentages. Finally, the average score between pain and disability subscale comprised the total SPADI scores ranging from 0 (the best) to 100 (the worst).

Through using the universal goniometer to measure the shoulder flexion, abduction and, external rotation.