Neurofeedback Training for PD

EEG- or STN LFP-based Neurofeedback Training for Improving Motor Functions in Parkinson's Disease

The goal of this clinical trial is to test neurofeedback training in both people with Parkinson's disease and healthy control.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

• To demonstrate that EEG based or STN LFP based neurofeedback can help patients with Parkinson's disease to volitionally modulate pathological brain activities measured non-invasively;
• To evaluate the learning effect of the neurofeedback training with multiple training sessions

Patient participants will be asked to receive the research intervention called neurofeedback training for maximal three separate sessions. During the intervention, the participants will also be asked to press a pinch meter as fast as possible in order to measure the reaction time, meanwhile, different type of brain signals will be recorded.

. This will be a within-subject cross-over study contrasting the effect of the neurofeedback training and no training.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants with symptomatic Parkinson's disease or age-matched healthy control
• Adequate understanding of verbal explanation or written information given in English
• Able and willing to give informed consent.
• Normal or corrected-to-normal vision

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lack of capacity to consent (judged by the researcher taking consent as not having sufficient mental capacity to understand the study and its requirements)