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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of six weeks extracorporeal shockwave therapy (SWT) on truncal obesity and serum lipids in obese postmenopausal women
Truncal obesity occurs when the excess abdominal fat around the stomach and abdomen has accumulated to the point where it is likely to have a negative influence on health , increased visceral abdominal fat (VAF) is directly related to abdominal obesity (AO), which is also linked to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis metabolic syndrome [MetS] and cancer.
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often known as cardio protective cholesterol, increases in a hypoestrogenic state such postmenopausal status, whereas triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels fall The prevention of CVD and dyslipidemia depends on the management of truncal obesity, and the reduction of serum lipid levels.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has lately been popular for treating fat-related disorders by altering the permeability of lipocyte membranes, improving blood flow and hastening macrophages' clearance of debris so cellulite, body contouring and localized fat can all be treated with the safe and non-invasive ESWT technology because to its mode of action in biological tissue In order to identify the best methods for treating abdominal obesity and prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in post-menopausal women. The current randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (SWT) on truncal obesity and serum lipids in obese postmenopausal women.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Group A: (Control group)20 post menopausal women received moderate intensity aerobic exercise in addition to energy restricted diet 2time/week for 6 -weeks |
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| Shock wave group | Experimental | Group B: (shock wave group)20 post menopausal women received the same intervention as in group A and 12 sessions of shockwave on abdomen twice/week for 6 -weeks |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shock wave | Device | ESWT (Chattanooga, Intelect RPW, USA) continues mode, hand piece transmitter R SW D20 /20mm, with the following Parameter: Shock pressure of 3-4 bars, wave frequency of 12 Hz. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anrhropometric measurement | involving weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference measured for each post-menopausal woman . The weight and height were measured using a weight-height scale without shoes and with a thin layer of clothes then calculate the body mass index according to the following equation: BMI=weight/height2 (Kg/m2), for both groups (A&B), waist circumference were measured pare skin from standing position using tape measure at the narrowest level between the costal margin and the iliac crest at the end of gentle expiration, and the hip circumference was measured at the widest level over the buttocks. Then, waist/hip ratio was calculated by dividing the waist by the hip circumference before and after treatment program for all women in both groups (A and B) | Before and after 6 weeks of treatment |
| Lipid profile measurement | Fasting sample of venous blood was collected in the morning from each woman in both groups (A&B) from a vein on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand after use of local antiseptic for the skin to prevent infection .Serum levels of the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) was measured by cobas 311 analyzer using a commercially available assay kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Roche Diagnostics GmbH). | Before and after 6 weeks of treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hala Hanafy | Professor of physical therapy for women's health | Study Director |
| Marwa Hasanin | Assistant professor of physical therapy for women's health | Study Director |
| Hossam Hussien | Professor of gynaecology and obstetrics | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of physical therapy | Cairo | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33053245 | Background | Troia S, Moreira AM, Pisco D, Noites A, Vale AL, Carvalho P, Vilarinho R. Effect of shock wave therapy associated with aerobic exercise on cellulite: A randomized controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Jun;20(6):1732-1742. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13791. Epub 2020 Oct 26. | |
| 37081473 | Background | Zhang X, Ma Y. Global trends in research on extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) from 2000 to 2021. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Apr 20;24(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06407-9. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074059 | Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014464 | Ultrasonic Therapy |
| D003972 | Diathermy |
| D006979 | Hyperthermia, Induced |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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|
| Moderate intensity aerobic exercise | Other | Treadmail training exercise 60%-75% of Maximum heart rate MHR 2 times/ week |
|
| Energy-restricted diet | Other | energy intake was 500K calorie below daily requirements on average three meals at the same time of the day |
|
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D026741 |
| Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |