The investigation of biomarkers for immune status and metabolic state, as well as host microbiota composition, in patients with ventricular arrhythmias before and after radiofrequency ablation, can provide new insights for specific and personalized treatment. This can help establish early prediction and prognosis models and provide a basis for clinically effective diagnosis and treatment.

Abnormal immune and metabolic states can lead to the occurrence of various systemic diseases, including the development of cardiovascular diseases through multiple mechanisms. On the other hand, various diseases can also feedback and regulate the immune and metabolic systems. However, currently there is no research on the impact of immune and metabolic states on ventricular arrhythmia. Exploring the biomarker characteristics and risk stratification of patients with ventricular arrhythmias undergoing radiofrequency ablation before and after the procedure can provide new insights for specific and personalized treatment. It can establish early prediction and prognostic models, providing evidence for clinically effective diagnosis and treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation detected by regular surface twelve-lead electrocardiogram or Holter.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age <18 or >80 years old;
• Patients with autoimmune diseases or immune deficiencies, or those who have used immunosuppressive or immune modulating agents in the past 3 months;
• Platelet count <100×10^9/L or functional platelet defects;
• Congenital or acquired coagulation or bleeding disorders;
• Patients with a history of organ transplantation or are preparing to receive organ transplantation;
• Unwilling to sign an informed consent or cooperate with the examination.

Patients with ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation detected by regular surface twelve-lead electrocardiogram or Holter.