Commonly used parameters (creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio) for prediction of decline of renal function are sensitive for advanced kidney impairment. Modified human urine Fetuin A (urine Fetuin A) with specific modification in urine (Fetuin A) can earlier predict the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes. Studies evaluating urine Fetuin A in hypertonic patients are still lacking.

Arterial hypertension and diabetes are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Commonly used parameters for the evaluation of renal function (plasma creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio) are sensitive to advanced kidney disease. Parameters predicting early kidney impairment are still lacking. Modified human urine Fetuin A with specific modification in urine (urine Fetuin A) presents a new biomarker that seems to be promising in the early prediction of kidney disease in patients with diabetes without microalbuminuria. Studies evaluating urine Fetuin A in hypertonic patients are still lacking.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Arterial hypertension treated by at least one antihypertensive agent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes mellitus of any type, defined as fasting glucose >7,0 mmol/l or any glycemia >11,0 mmol/l, or HbA1c>48 mmol/mol
• Decompensated arterial hypertension defined as office blood pressure >180/110 mmHg or on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM)
• Patient with renal replacement therapy
• Present rheumatoid disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, sclerodermia, dermatomyositis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, etc.), positivity of antinuclear antibody (ANA) / extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) screening
• Acute infection defined as C-Reactive Protein (CRP) >50 mg/l
• Severe impairment of liver function defined as cirrhosis, Alanine Transaminase or ASpartate Transferase (ALT or AST) >10 µkat/l
• Terminal incurable illness

Patients with hypertension and resistant hypertension followed-up in the Hypertension excellence centre and Lipid centre in University Hospital Ostrava.

There is no plan to share individual participant data with other researchers.