The aim of this study is to assess the significance of serum fetuin-A as a marker of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We used multiple statistical approaches to determine that the fetuin-A level is correlated to body mass index (BMI) as well as random blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients. Also, we found that there is a Positive correlation between the serum fetuin-A levels and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients.

The study was a case-control study. We started the study to be performed on eighty subjects divided into four groups:

The first group: include twenty subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus The second group: include twenty obese subjects whose body mass index is 30 or over The third group: include twenty obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus The fourth group includes twenty apparently healthy subjects as control.

In this study, we concluded that:

1. Serum fetuin-A can be used as a biomarker and independent risk factor and marker for diagnosis of DM and DM has a detrimental effect on serum fetuin-A fetuin-A could be of relevance for the development of insulin resistance
2. Higher fetuin-A concentrations were associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
3. Increased serum fetuin-A levels constitute an independent marker of lipid profile.
4. fetuin-A may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
5. The inhibition of insulin receptor by fetuin-A may lead to increased lipolysis and efflux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. This could explain associated dyslipidemia observed in type 2 diabetic patients in the present study.

Finally, our finding that high plasma fetuin-A levels predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes independently of other established risk factors supports the hypothesis that fetuin-A may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • The study included obese and type 2 diabetic patients aged 45-60 years old. and control healthy adult persons

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Cardiac disease and Hypertensive disease

  • Respiratory disease
  • Renal disease
  • GIT and Liver disease
  • Rheumatologic disease
  • Blood disease
  • Endocrine disease except for type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • All with a specific therapeutic drug history.

obese and type 2 diabetic patients aged 45-60 years old. and control healthy adult persons