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The goal of this project is to test the efficacy of a chatbot intervention for reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy among African American parents. An online experiment will be conducted to test the effectiveness of the chatbot intervention with African American parents. Results of this project will inform future communication interventions for reducing vaccine hesitancy among African American parents.
The goal of this project is to test the efficacy of a chatbot intervention for reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy among African American parents. An online survey-experiment will be conducted. In the survey-experiment, participants will first answer questions related to their attitudes toward childhood vaccines and see a brief CDC message about HPV vaccine. Then they will be directed to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (tailored to the participant's personality) or a similar chatbot with non-personalized messages. There will also be a control condition where participants will see the brief CDC message about HPV vaccine but will not interact with any chatbot. All participants will answer questions related to their attitudes toward HPV vaccination, intentions to vaccinate their children, as well as other message response measures.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Condition | Experimental | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants will interact with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (i.e., tailored to their personalities). |
|
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | Experimental | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants will interact with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which are not tailored to their personalities. |
|
| No Chatbot Control Condition | Active Comparator | Participants will read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Intervention | Behavioral | In this intervention, participants will first see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they will be invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which are tailored to their personalities. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | Participants' attitudes toward HPV vaccination were measured by seven questions such as "The HPV vaccine is beneficial for adolescents." The responses were recorded on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. Final score was the average of all 7 questions. | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
| Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | Participants' intentions toward vaccinating their children against HPV were measured by three questions such as "I am likely to get my child/children the HPV vaccine." Responses were indicated on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the three questions. | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ratings of the Chatbot | Ratings of the Chatbot were measured by nine questions such as "How would you describe the HPV chatbot you just interacted with? - Engaging" on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the nine questions. | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Xiaoli Nan | University of Maryland, College Park | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Maryland, College Park (Online Survey-Experiment) | College Park | Maryland | 20742 | United States |
We will share anonymized data on data repositories such as the Open Science Framework.
After the study is published, for 5 years.
All information is open to the public.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (i.e., tailored to their personalities). Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were tailored to their personalities. |
| FG001 | Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. |
| FG002 | No Chatbot Control Condition | Participants read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages. No Chatbot Control: In this intervention, participants saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and did not interact with any chatbot. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (i.e., tailored to their personalities). Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were tailored to their personalities. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | Participants' attitudes toward HPV vaccination were measured by seven questions such as "The HPV vaccine is beneficial for adolescents." The responses were recorded on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. Final score was the average of all 7 questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
|
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Deaths and/or adverse events were not monitored/assessed as this was an online study where participants completed the survey on their own computer at a location of their choice.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (i.e., tailored to their personalities). Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were tailored to their personalities. |
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The online survey-experiment may not fully reflect how individuals typically encounter health messages in the real world. There is concern about ecology validity. Also the long-term effects of message exposure were not determined.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiaoli Nan | University of Maryland, College Park | 301-405-0640 | nan@umd.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Nov 16, 2022 | Jul 18, 2024 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 14, 2023 | Jul 18, 2024 | SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Nov 16, 2022 | Jul 18, 2024 | ICF_002.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002583 | Uterine Cervical Neoplasms |
| D001005 | Anus Neoplasms |
| D010412 | Penile Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014594 | Uterine Neoplasms |
| D005833 | Genital Neoplasms, Female |
| D014565 | Urogenital Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
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|
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention | Behavioral | In this intervention, participants will first see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they will be invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which are not tailored to their personalities. |
|
| No Chatbot Control | Behavioral | In this intervention, participants will see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and will not interact with any chatbot. |
|
| BG001 | Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. |
| BG002 | No Chatbot Control Condition | Participants read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages. No Chatbot Control: In this intervention, participants saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and did not interact with any chatbot. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Education | Education was measured by this question: What is the highest level of school you completed? The response categories included: Less than high school Some high school High school graduate Some college College graduate Post-college | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. |
| OG002 | No Chatbot Control Condition | Participants read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages. No Chatbot Control: In this intervention, participants saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and did not interact with any chatbot. |
|
|
| Primary | Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | Participants' intentions toward vaccinating their children against HPV were measured by three questions such as "I am likely to get my child/children the HPV vaccine." Responses were indicated on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the three questions. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Ratings of the Chatbot | Ratings of the Chatbot were measured by nine questions such as "How would you describe the HPV chatbot you just interacted with? - Engaging" on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the nine questions. | participants in the no chatbot control condition were not asked to rate the chatbot. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) |
|
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|
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| EG001 | Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG002 | No Chatbot Control Condition | Participants read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages. No Chatbot Control: In this intervention, participants saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and did not interact with any chatbot. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| D009369 |
| Neoplasms |
| D002577 | Uterine Cervical Diseases |
| D014591 | Uterine Diseases |
| D005831 | Genital Diseases, Female |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D012004 | Rectal Neoplasms |
| D015179 | Colorectal Neoplasms |
| D007414 | Intestinal Neoplasms |
| D005770 | Gastrointestinal Neoplasms |
| D004067 | Digestive System Neoplasms |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D007410 | Intestinal Diseases |
| D001004 | Anus Diseases |
| D012002 | Rectal Diseases |
| D005834 | Genital Neoplasms, Male |
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D010409 | Penile Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |