Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Pain in Patients With in Patients Rheumatoid Arthritis
Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Pain in Patients With in Patients Rheumatoid Arthritis
They explained the improvement of pain in patients with EMDR treatment in chronic pain with Shapiro's adaptive information processing model. According to this model; The nociceptive sense is related to the emotional response. During the traumatic event, the painful stimulus is stored both physically and as an image, thought, and affect. Therefore, traumatic memories contain affective elements as well as conscious awareness and contribute significantly to stress along with chronic pain. Reprocessing these dysfunctionally stored memories will allow the problematic memories to integrate, resulting in both symptom relief and increased personal efficacy. According to the explanations made with the adaptive information processing model, the perception of the traumatic event is reprocessed with bidirectional stimulation given its somatic and affective components, and the cortical integration of the memory is provided. Changing the emotional dimension of pain may lead to changes in pain pathways, altering the memory and reproduction of pain in the nervous system. When desensitization is achieved against negative emotions; It has been hypothesized that once the patient has a more normal response to pain or stress, it will not revert to a limbic magnified response of pain unless a new trauma has been experienced. Painful conditions can continue to bother even after the illness or injury has been successfully treated. This may be the result of improperly stored memories and chronic active pain. In addition to medication, physical therapy, patient education and psychological support are very important in relieving rheumatological pain.
In our study, it was considered to examine the effect of EMDR in reducing pain, one of the most common complaints of RA patients. Over time, the emotional discomfort caused by the pain increases with the persistence of the pain, and as a result, a medical condition causes a psychological problem to develop. Pain is a learned emotional experience. Therefore, psychological components should not be ignored in the evaluation of pain. At the end of EMDR sessions, patients are confident that they can effectively live with it, even if they have a very small amount of pain. He has learned to deal with pain without fear or anxiety. No more pain for the patient; It has become meaning "just an experience", realizing that living with pain is like traveling on a long road full of hidden pitfalls.
EMDR applications have been used in many treatment applications in recent years. The reasons for this are the rapid results after the treatment and the simplicity of the procedure. EMDR has been accepted as an evidence-based treatment method by the UK Department of Health (2001), the American Psychiatric Association (2004), the Australian Post Traumatic Mental Health Center (2007) and the Dutch National Mental Health Guidelines Guidance Committee (2003). The increasing prevalence of EMDR treatment in psychiatric nursing practice is based on the increasing number of scientifically based reports.
Studies have reported that EMDR application has positive effects on pain in different sample groups. In the literature review, it was seen that EMDR was applied to RA patients in only one study. In the study, 75 RA patients were divided into 2 intervention groups and a control group to compare the effect of EMDR and directed imagery on pain severity in RA patients. Between the two methods, it was concluded that EMDR was more effective on pain compared to the directed imagery and control group. It is assumed that EMDR can achieve beneficial results in RA patients.
The aim of the nursing approach is to enable the patient to recognize their psychological state, try to reduce their negative emotions and use coping methods.The nurse has the responsibility of educating patients about treatments, providing patient counseling, and supporting the patient to make informed decisions and take responsibility for self-care. He also needs to research about treatment options and follow up on current treatments and interventions. Considering all these factors, it is thought that EMDR, which will be applied to RA patients by specialist psychiatric nurses trained in this subject, can be used as an independent nursing practice in reducing pain and improving vital signs.
With this study the investigators planned, EMDR will be applied to RA patients, and it will be ensured that the data on whether this method is effective for pain will be brought to the literature. With the qualitative dimension, which is the second dimension of this study, which the investigators will bring to the literature, it will be ensured that the patients also express their feelings. In addition, this study will lead to the planning of new studies and publications, will reduce pain in patients with RA in whom EMDR is applied, will offer alternative options that specialist psychiatric nurses can apply in patients with pain, and will be a guiding resource for investigating the effect of EMDR on the pain of RA patients.
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