This study will be carried out to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, propofol or lidocaine infusions in attenuation of hemodynamic responses to pneumoperitoneum during adult laparoscopic cholecystectomy using electrical cardiometry.

Many drug infusions have been used to control hemodynamic responses to laparoscopic surgeries like propofol, fentanyl, esmolol with varying degrees of success.

Dexmedetomidine has sedative and analgesic properties seems to be appropriate enough to control the sympathetic response as well as provide a stable hemodynamics

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiologists I patients.
• Patients between the ages of ≥ 20 and ≤ 60 years of both sexes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hypersensitivity to dexmedetomidine, propofol or lidocaine.
• Diabetic patients (Hemoglobin A1C ≥ 7).
• Hypertensive patients (Blood presssure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) or patients on medications that affect hemodynamics as clonidine, methyldopa, β blockers and calcium channel blockers.
• Impaired liver function (serum albumin ≤ 3.5 g/dl, International normalized ratio≥ 1.3, total bilirubin >1mg/dl).
• Impaired renal function (serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dl, blood urea >20mg/dl).
• Morbidly obese patients with body mass index ≥ 40.
• Patients with acute cholecystitis or active infection.
• Patients taking medications that may impair cognition.
• History of seizures.

The data will be available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author from one year after study completion

from one year after study completion

The data will be available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author