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There is high possibility of relapse of the lower anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment. Relapse is related with the initial orthodontic anomaly, pathology of surrounding tissues, patient's age and sex and compliance and the retention protocol applied. The options for the later are various. Permanent fixed retainers are considered of the most common ones and vastly vary based of composition. There are fixed retainers distinguished for their composition (SS, β-NiTi, fiber-reinforced composite retainers) or for their shape and dimensions (round or rectangular shape and single-strand or multi-strand respectively), and/or for the teeth they are placed on (canine and canine or canine to canine). Fixed retainers may require patient's cooperation , nevertheless debond failure rate varies between 0.1-53%.
The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study is to compare failure incidents and retention effect on lower anterior teeth after orthodontic finish between three different types of fixed retainers. There will be 3 arms studied in this research: a) single strand 0.016x0.022'' β-Ti canine to canine, b) 0.028'' SS canine to canine and c) 0.027'' multi-strand twistflex canine to canine. Variables such as repeatability of failures, and undesired tooth movements will be measured. Measurements will be repeated every 3 months after patient's recruitment in this study, for one year period (12 months in total). Intraoral scans will be collected during baseline (fixed retainer insertion) and after 12 months.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single strand β-Ti fixed retainer | Experimental | Single strand β-Ti fixed retainer 0.011in diameter, bonded on each tooth separately from #33-43 |
|
| SS fixed retainer | Experimental | SS fixed retainer 0.028in diameter, bonded on each tooth separately from #33-43 |
|
| Twisted fixed retainer | Experimental | Twisted fixed retainer 0.027in diameter, bonded on each tooth separately from #33-43 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Single strand β-Ti fixed retainer | Device | All 90 patients between 13-30 y.o. treated with fixed orthodontic appliances (Roth 0.018'' slot at their final finishing stage) on at least between their lower first premolars and with no lower anterior teeth crowding (total irregularity index score = 0) and no need of removable retention appliances on their lower teeth, were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of teeth that failed regarding the bonding strength | baseline-3 months | |
| Number of teeth that failed regarding the bonding strength | 3 months-6 months | |
| Number of teeth that failed regarding the bonding strength | 6 months-9 months | |
| Number of teeth that failed regarding the bonding strength | 9 months-1 year | |
| Repeatability of bonding strength failure per patient and per tooth | baseline-3 months | |
| Repeatability of bonding strength failure per patient and per tooth | 3 months-6 months | |
| Repeatability of bonding strength failure per patient and per tooth | 6 months-9months | |
| Repeatability of bonding strength failure per patient and per tooth | 9months-1 year | |
| Breakage of fixed retainer wires | baseline-3 months | |
| Breakage of fixed retainer wires | 3 months-6 months | |
| Breakage of fixed retainer wires |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth rotations in lower anterior teeth | baseline-3 months | |
| Tooth rotations in lower anterior teeth | 3 months-6 months | |
| Tooth rotations in lower anterior teeth |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Departments of Orthodontics | Athens | Attica | 11527 | Greece |
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|
| Experimental: SS fixed retainer | Device | All 90 patients between 13-30 y.o. treated with fixed orthodontic appliances (Roth 0.018'' slot at their final finishing stage) on at least between their lower first premolars and with no lower anterior teeth crowding (total irregularity index score = 0) and no need of removable retention appliances on their lower teeth, were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups. |
|
| Experimental: Twisted fixed retainer | Device | All 90 patients between 13-30 y.o. treated with fixed orthodontic appliances (Roth 0.018'' slot at their final finishing stage) on at least between their lower first premolars and with no lower anterior teeth crowding (total irregularity index score = 0) and no need of removable retention appliances on their lower teeth, were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups. |
|
| 6 months-9 months |
| Breakage of fixed retainer wires | 9 months-1 year |
| Space discrepancy (Little index)(in mm) | baseline-3 months |
| Space discrepancy (Little index)(in mm) | 3 months-6 months |
| Space discrepancy (Little index)(in mm) | 6 months-9 months |
| Space discrepancy (Little index)(in mm) | 9 months-1 year |
| Mandibular intercanine distance | baseline-3 months |
| Mandibular intercanine distance | 3 months-6 months |
| Mandibular intercanine distance | 6 months-9 months |
| Mandibular arch length (in mm) | 9 months-1 year |
| 6 months-9 months |
| Tooth rotations in lower anterior teeth | 9 months-1 year |
| Extrusion in lower anterior teeth | baseline-3 months |
| Extrusion in lower anterior teeth | 3 months-6 months |
| Extrusion in lower anterior teeth | 6 months-9 months |
| Extrusion in lower anterior teeth | 9 months-1 year |
| Tip inclinations anteroposteriorly | baseline-3 months |
| Tip inclinations anteroposteriorly | 3 months-6 months |
| Tip inclinations anteroposteriorly | 6 months-9 months |
| Tip inclinations anteroposteriorly | 9 months -1 year |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012008 | Recurrence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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