The aim of the study is to compare the pregnancy outcomes of single vs double intrauterine insemination (IUI) in couples with male factor infertility.

The principle behind double intrauterine insemination in male factor infertility couples is to create a longer time frame for fertilization and to increase motile sperm number in female genital tract in order to increase pregnancy rates. There's a clinical equipoise on the benefits of performing double IUI in couples following ovarian hyperstimulation with daily follicle stimulating hormone injections in male factor subfertility. As it is stated in Cochrane database, there's a need for adequately powered, randomized, high-quality studies on this subject.

In this study, as a result of a-priori power analysis 132 participants in each study arm is planned to be recruited in the study. Male factor infertility included in the study is defined as total motile sperm count (TPMSC) less than 10 million. TPMSC less than 1 million, female age greater than 40, uterine anomaly, no patent tubes shown in hysterosalpingography, history of ovarian surgery and known endometriosis will be excluded. Couples with two basal semen analysis with TPMSC between 1-10 million will be randomized to single or double IUI procedure. To accomplish this in approximately 1 year period, the study is planned as a multi-center study.

The objective of the study is to compare the pregnancy outcomes of single and double intrauterine insemination groups, following ovarian hyperstimulation in couples with male factor subfertility.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Couples trying to conceive for at least 6 months despite of regular sexual intercourse
• Female partner between 18-40 years old
• Male partner sperm analysis total motile sperm count between 1-10 million in at least 2 sperm analysis on different days.

Exclusion Criteria:

• No patent fallopian tubes shown in hystero-salpingography
• Female partner with a uterine anomaly
• History of a previous ovarian surgery
• Known or suspected endometriosis in female partner
• Body-mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2

Eligibility is not based on self-representation of gender identity. Participants should have a uterus with at least one patent fallopian tube and an internal os to achieve intrauterine insemination.