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The aims of the current study are
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | Habitual physical activity |
|
| Morning exercise | Active Comparator | Exercise training between 6-10am |
|
| Afternoon exercise | Active Comparator | Exercise training between 4-8pm |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning exercise | Behavioral | Between 6-10am participants will attend the gym and perform 10 min of warm up exercise, 3 sets of 7 resistance exercises ( leg press, calf press, leg curl, chest press, lateral raise, seated row and plank) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in muscle strength | Sum of one repetition maximum for the 7 resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in interstitial glucose time in range | Interstitial glucose time in range (3.9-10mmol/L) measured via continuous glucose monitoring | Change from 6 hours before (baseline) to 6 hours after (post-exercise) an exercise training session |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in appendicular skeletal muscle mass | Measured by DEXA | Change from baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in whole body fat mass | Measured by DEXA |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebaa AlOzairi, MBChB | Contact | +965 22242999 | ebaa.alozairi@dasmaninstitute.rog |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasman Diabetes Institute | Recruiting | Kuwait City | 15462 | Kuwait |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42265980 | Derived | Ozairi ESA, Hamdan YG, Awadhi AAA, Otaibi NBA, Baqer AH, West DJ, Taliping DR, Kandari JAA, Gray SR. A Comparison of the Effects of the Timing of Resistance Exercise on Glucose Levels Within the Target Range in People With Type 1 Diabetes (TREX Study): A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2026 Jul;42(5):e70190. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.70190. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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1:1:1 parallel group design
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| Afternoon exercise | Behavioral | Between 4-8pm participants will attend the gym and perform 10 min of warm up exercise, 3 sets of 7 resistance exercises ( leg press, calf press, leg curl, chest press, lateral raise, seated row and plank) |
|
| Habitual physical activity levels | Behavioral | Participants will be asked to maintain their normal activity levels |
|
| Change from baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in physical function | Measured by the short performance physical battery | Change from baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in HbA1c | HbA1c concentration | Change from baseline to 12 weeks |
| Change in interstitial glucose average | Interstitial average glucose measured via continuous glucose monitoring | Change from 6 hours before (baseline) to 6 hours after (post-exercise) an exercise training session |
| Change in interstitial glucose variability | Interstitial glucose variability measured via continuous glucose monitoring | Change from 6 hours before (baseline) to 6 hours after (post-exercise) an exercise training session |
| Change in interstitial glucose time in hypoglycaemia | Interstitial glucose time in range (<3.9mmol/L) measured via continuous glucose monitoring | Change from 6 hours before (baseline) to 6 hours after (post-exercise) an exercise training session |
| Change in interstitial glucose time in hyperglycaemia | Interstitial glucose time in range (>10mmol/L) measured via continuous glucose monitoring | Change from 6 hours before (baseline) to 6 hours after (post-exercise) an exercise training session |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |