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The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of time of day on the muscle and metabolic responses to resistance exercises in obese or overweight adults. To achieve this aim we have the following objectives:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Habitual physical activity | |
| Morning exercise | Experimental | Exercise training in the morning (6:00-10:00am) |
|
| Evening exercise | Experimental | Exercise training in the evening (4:00-8:00pm) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise training | Behavioral | Exercise will consist of 1 set x 9 exercises x 3 sessions per week x 6 weeks. The load to be used during training will be calculated as 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with each set performed to failure. 1RM will be re-tested on week 3, and the load adjusted accordingly, and upon completion of the study. During the training period, all sessions of training will be supervised by the researcher. The following exercises will be performed: Bench press, biceps curl, lat pull down, overhead press, lateral raise, leg extension, leg curl and calf raise. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in insulin sensitivity | Insulin sensitivity calculated via the Matsuda Index during an oral glucose tolerance test | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in vastus lateralis muscle thickness | Muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis muscle measured via ultrasound | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in whole body lean mass | whole body lean mass measured via bio-electrical impedance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stuart Robert Gray | Glasgow | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41231202 | Derived | Dighriri A, Lithgow H, Gabriel B, Altuwrqi M, Dunning E, Johnston L, Boyle JG, Logan G, Gray SR. The impact of the time of day on muscle and metabolic responses to resistance exercise in healthy adults: A randomised controlled trial. Exp Physiol. 2026 Mar;111(3):1109-1119. doi: 10.1113/EP093020. Epub 2025 Nov 13. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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|
| Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in whole body fat mass | whole body fat mass measured via bio-electrical impedance | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in one-repetition maximum muscle strength | Sum of one-repetition maximum of Bench press, biceps curl, lat pull down, overhead press, lateral raise, leg extension, leg curl and calf raise exercise | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in knee extensor maximal isometric torque | Knee extensor maximal isometric torque measured during a maximal voluntary contraction | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in grip strength | Grip strength measured with a hand held dynamometer | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in mean glucose levels | Mean glucose levels measured via continuous glucose monitors | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |
| Change in glucose variability | Glucose variability measured via continuous glucose monitors | Change from baseline to 6 weeks |