The purpose of the study is to assess screw deviation from pre-planned trajectory using the Mazor X robotic system in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar arthrodesis procedures between T2-S1.

This trial will prospectively evaluate screw deviation from pre-planned trajectory using the standard of care Mazor X robotic system. Patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar arthrodesis procedures utilizing pedicle screw instrumentation at previously uninstrumented levels for degenerative conditions, spinal deformity, spinal infection, trauma, or neoplastic processes between T2-S1 will be asked to participate in this prospective cohort study.

This single centered study will enroll up to 50 patients to achieve a total number of 250 screws for assessment. Subjects will be followed till discharge following surgery. All subjects enrolled in the study will be recruited from a pool of subjects eligible for posterior thoracolumbar arthrodesis surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ≥ 18 years old
• Degenerative conditions, spinal deformity, spinal infection, traumatic injuries, or neoplastic processes between T2-S1 necessitating placement of pedicle screw instrumentation.
• Surgery performed at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC) via one of the study investigators

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current or previous spinal tumor
• Severe co-morbidities (e.g., heart, respiratory, or renal disease)
• Concurrent involvement in another investigational drug or device study that could confound study data
• Subjects who are pregnant
• Prisoner
• Subjects who do not speak English Relative Exclusion Criteria
• Prior pedicle screw instrumentation at that level (i.e. prior L4-5 instrumentation, now undergoing an L4-S1 fusion, only new S1 screw accuracy would be evaluated in this patient)