Effect of Self-affirmation Versus Back Massage on Psychological Distress and Fear of Birth Among Primigravid Women in Third Trimester

Effect of Self-affirmation Versus Back Massage on Psychological Distress and Fear of Birth Among Primigravid Women in Third Trimester

Based on the literature review, care must be emphasized on aspects of self-strengthening or self-affirmation to reduce stress and fear and equip women with the ability to manage stress and fear due to negative thoughts. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of self-affirmation versus back massage on psychological distress and fear of birth among primigravid women in third trimester.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Pregnant women aged 20-35 years.

  • Primigravida women.
  • Read &write.
  • During third trimester of pregnancy.
  • Free from any medical, obstetric, gynecological and other psychological risk factors and /or conditions
  • With normal course of pregnancy.
  • Attend regular antenatal care visits.
  • With intact back skin and free from burn, wound or any scar, injury, inflammation and allergy.