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Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term describing musculoskeletal conditions of the face, jaw and temporal regions. TMD is frequently associated with pain and/or dysfunction such as impaired jaw function, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles and/or related structures, and associated headaches. The aetiology of TMD is multifactorial and complex.
It is known that one cause of TMD symptom development is treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC). The main treatment modalities for HNC include radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy and surgical intervention, either as a single therapy or a combination therapy. In the head and neck region, the anatomical structures are necessary for essential functions such as speech, swallowing, breathing, smell, and taste. The treatment of head and neck tumours may frequently impair some of these functions, which may result in pain, oral dysfunction, and impaired health-related quality of life.
High intensity laser therapy (HILT) is a non-invasive and painless treatment method. The latest studies have reported the beneficial effects of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser therapy in patients with pain. The advantage of HILT over low level laser therapy (LLLT) is that HILT is able to penetrate and stimulate wider and/or deeper areas; thus, considerably more energy may be transmitted to tissue during HILT therapy compared to LLLT.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (High Intensity Laser Therapy Group) | Experimental | patients will receive HILT in addition to traditional physical therapy exercise program |
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| Group B (Placebo-Control Group) | Placebo Comparator | patients will receive placebo HILT in addition to traditional physical therapy exercise program |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High intensity laser | Device | patients will receive Nd: YAG with wavelength 1064 nm, peak power 3KW, energy density 360-1780 mJ/cm2, a short duration 120-150 micro sec, a mean power 10.5 W, a low frequency 10-40 HZ, a duty cycle of 0.1%, a probe diameter of 0.5 cm and spot size of 0.2 cm2. The treatment will be applied into 3 phases in each session. In addition to the traditional physical therapy exercise program (passive and active ROM exercises, stretching and strengthening exercises) for 20 minutes, total session time is 35 minutes, 3 days/ week for 4 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | It will be measured by visual analogue scale. It starts with no pain at the left side and gradually increasing pain towards the end of the line at the right side (0-10) and high scores indicate greater pain. | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Range of motion | Range of motion of temporomandibular joint will be measured by Vernier caliper scale | 4 weeks |
| Muscle power assessment | Surface electromyography (EMG) will be used to evaluate the strength of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hadaya M Eladl, PhD | Assisstant professor of physical therapy for surgery, Faculty of physical therapy | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Physical Therapy | Giza | 12111 | Egypt |
Study results
6 months after publication
Study protocol
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013705 | Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017271 | Craniomandibular Disorders |
| D008336 | Mandibular Diseases |
| D007571 | Jaw Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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|
| traditional physical therapy exercise program | Other | passive and active ROM exercises, stretching and strengthening exercises for 35 minutes, 3 days/ week for 4 weeks. |
|
| placebo High intensity laser | Device | patients will receive placebo HILT including the same treatment as in group A but the laser device will be turned off. |
|
| 4 weeks |
| Functional disability | It will be measured by jaw functional limitation scale-20. It has a score range of 1 to 200, and high scores indicate worsening jaw function. | 4 weeks |
| Quality of life (Oral health Impact Profile) | By using the Oral health Impact Profile consisted of 7 different domains (functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, physical disability, social disability, and handicap). Each domain was assessed by two questions, scored using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never to 4 = very often). The total score was derived by a summing of the domain scores, it can range from 0 to 56. A higher score indicates a poorer quality of life. | 4 weeks |
| D007592 |
| Joint Diseases |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |