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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, and the presence of restricted, repetitive behavior and interests, affecting 1 in 68 children. Although atypical social deficits onset in early childhood, their social relationships with peers may remain a challenge or even worsen for individuals with ASD throughout the school years and beyond, as social contexts increase in complexity and pose higher social expectations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASD teens and their caregiver | Experimental | Teens: (1) aged 11-20 years, currently enrolled in school between the sixth grade of elementary school and the third year of high school; (2) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD from a licensed mental health or medical professional based on DSM-5; (3) experiencing social difficulties as reported by parents in a structured intake interview; (4) scored ≧ 26 on the caregiver-reported Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), indicating clinical impairment associated with ASD (5) demonstrating verbal fluency in Chinese (6) with a full-scale IQ > 70 on WAIS-IV; (7) with motivation to participate in the intervention; (8) with a caregiver who was fluent in Chinese and willing to participate as a social coach in the study. Parents: (1) demonstrating verbal fluency in Chinese (2) with motivation to participate in the intervention and assist their children to do the homework assignments. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) | Behavioral | developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (E. A. Laugeson & F. Frankel, 2010). This is a parent-assisted, manualized social skills training program that addresses crucial areas of social functioning for adolescents. Psycho-education and cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques are employed to help adolescents develop ecologically valid skills for making and maintaining friendships. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) | Interview with caregiver of autistic participants. Total of 93 items coding from 1 to 9. Higher the score, worse the syptom | 7 weeks |
| The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) | Observe the autistic participant during the interview. the examinee's condition is classified as autism spectrum if the combined score across two domains of social interaction and communication is ≥7, and as autism if the combined score is ≥12. In Module 2, a combined score of ≥8 corresponds to autism spectrum, and a combined score of ≥12 corresponds to autism | 7 weeks |
| Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) | 50 statement scoring from 1 to 4. higher the score, worse the syptom | 7 weeks |
| Friendship Quality Scale (FQS) | 23 questions scoring from 1 to 5. Higher the score, better the quality of friendship | 7 weeks |
| The Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) | score range from 33 to 165. higher the score, better the emotional intelligence | 7 weeks |
| Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) | 65 questions range from 1 to 4. higher the score, worse the symptom. | 7 weeks |
| Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA) | 17 scenarios scoring from 1 to 4. Higher the score, better the capability |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yi-Ling Chien | Contact | +886223123456#66013 | chienyiling@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan University Hospital | Recruiting | Taipei | Taiwan |
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|
| 7 weeks |
| Quality of Play Questionnaire (QPQ) | 10 questions scoring from 0 to 3. Higher the score, worse the quality of play. Also, asked for frequency and number of participant in the play | 7 weeks |
| Test of Adolescents Social Skills Knowledge (TASSK) | score range from 0 to 22. Higher the score, greater the knowledge of taught social skills | 7 weeks |
| Empathy Quotient (EQ) | 60 questions score from 0 to 3. Higher the score, greater the empathy | 7 weeks |
| Friendship Questionnaire (FQ) | score from 0 to 135. higher the score, the more enjoyment of friendship | 7 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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