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Despite the psychosocial difficulties common among young adults with autism spectrum disorders(ASD), little to no evidence-based social skills interventions exist for this population. Using a randomized controlled trial(RCT) design, the current study tested the effectiveness of an evidence-based, caregiver-assisted social skills intervention known as PEERS for Young Adults with high-functioning young adults with ASD using self- and caregiver-report measures.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| case group | Experimental | Behavioral: parent-assisted social skills training program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 14 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point three months after the completion of treatment to see mid- and long-term effects. |
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| waitlist control group | Experimental | For this group, same intervention with the Experimental group will be provided after waiting for 16 weeks. Behavioral: Delayed intervention Intervention is provided to Waitlist Control Group after waiting for 16 weeks |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD | Behavioral | The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS) at 4 Month | The ADOS is a play-based, semistructured, standardized assessment of communication, social interaction, and play (i.e. imaginative use of materials) for individuals with a suspected diagnosis of autism or ASD. The ADOS consists of four modules, each of which can be selected on the basis of the participant's expressive language skills and hronological age. Module 4 of the ADOS is designed for adolescents and adults with fluent speech, and includes 10 essential and 5 optional activities. The scores from each activity are coded as well as those for five subdomains: language and communication, reciprocal social interaction, imagination, stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests, and other abnormal behaviors. minimum 0, maximum 18, higherscores mean a worse outcome. | baseline, after the completion of the treatment, 4 month |
| Change From Baseline in Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge(TYASSK) at 4 Month | The TYASSK is a 22-item criterion-referenced test developed for this study to assess the teen's knowledge about the specific social skills taught during the intervention. Two items were derived from key elements of each of the 11 didactic lessons. Teens were presented with sentence stems and asked to choose the best option from two possible answers. Scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores reflecting greater knowledge of teen social skills. | baseline, 4 month |
| Change From Baseline in Korean Version of the Social Skills Rating System (K-SSRS) at 4 Month | The SSRS consists of 38-items and took approximately 10 min to complete. Questionnaires were completed independently by the teen's parent and teacher. For example, items included ''Starts conversations rather than waiting for someone to talk first.'' The items were rated as either ''Never,'' ''Sometimes,'' or ''Very Often.'' The Social Skills and Problem Behaviors scales were derived from factor analysis. minimum 50 and maximum 163, and higherscores mean a better outcome | baseline,4 month |
| Change From Baseline in Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) at 4 Month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition | The K-VABS is an interviewed survey and measures adaptive behaviors of individuals such as personal and social skills, used for everyday living from birth to age 90. These are based on the reports of primary caregivers and teachers. The K-VABS contains 5 domains each with 2-3 subdomains. The main domains are: Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, Motor Skills, and Maladaptive Behavior (optional). Behaviors are rated on a 0 (a skill that is not used by the individual) - 2 (a skill used most of the time) rating scale. The current study used only the communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains. minimum 25, maximum 108, higherscores mean a better outcome. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34690837 | Derived | Oh M, Laugeson E, Kim JH, Lee K, Kim J, Lee S, Lim B, Cha S, Bong G, Yoon NH, Bahn GH, Yoo HJ. A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS(R)-YA-K) With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Oct 6;12:730448. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730448. eCollection 2021. |
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Ten participants were excluded during the randomization procedure; six were not adequately motivated, one did not meet the diagnosis of ASD, one had difficulty understanding self-report scales, one had a problem with school, and one had to fulfill a military commitment.
The participants were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, through advertisements at the Smile Together Foundation (a local advocacy institute of ASD), a community of child and adolescent psychiatrists, an internet group of families of youth with ASD.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Case Group | Behavioral: parent-assisted social skills training program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 14 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point three months after the completion of treatment to see mid- and long-term effects. Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Sep 6, 2020 |
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The SRS is a 65-item questionnaire that assesses the various dimensions of interpersonal behavior, communication, and repetitive/stereotypic behavior that are characteristics of ASD. minimum 92, maximum 200, higherscores mean a worse outcome |
| baseline,4 month |
| baseline,4 month |
| Change From Baseline in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at 4month | The BDI consists of 21 items measuring the severity of subjective symptoms of depression, with emotional, cognitive, motivational, and physiological symptom profiles for adults. Each question has four possible answer choices, scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (the most severe symptoms). minimum 1, maximum 45, higherscores mean a worse outcome | baseline,4 month |
| FG001 | Waitlist Control Group | For this group, same intervention with the Experimental group will be provided after waiting for 16 weeks. Behavioral: Delayed intervention Intervention is provided to Waitlist Control Group after waiting for 16 weeks Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Case Group | Behavioral: parent-assisted social skills training program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 14 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point three months after the completion of treatment to see mid- and long-term effects. Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. |
| BG001 | Waitlist Control Group | For this group, same intervention with the Experimental group will be provided after waiting for 16 weeks. Behavioral: Delayed intervention Intervention is provided to Waitlist Control Group after waiting for 16 weeks Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
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| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||||
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| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change From Baseline in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS) at 4 Month | The ADOS is a play-based, semistructured, standardized assessment of communication, social interaction, and play (i.e. imaginative use of materials) for individuals with a suspected diagnosis of autism or ASD. The ADOS consists of four modules, each of which can be selected on the basis of the participant's expressive language skills and hronological age. Module 4 of the ADOS is designed for adolescents and adults with fluent speech, and includes 10 essential and 5 optional activities. The scores from each activity are coded as well as those for five subdomains: language and communication, reciprocal social interaction, imagination, stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests, and other abnormal behaviors. minimum 0, maximum 18, higherscores mean a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline, after the completion of the treatment, 4 month |
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| Primary | Change From Baseline in Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge(TYASSK) at 4 Month | The TYASSK is a 22-item criterion-referenced test developed for this study to assess the teen's knowledge about the specific social skills taught during the intervention. Two items were derived from key elements of each of the 11 didactic lessons. Teens were presented with sentence stems and asked to choose the best option from two possible answers. Scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores reflecting greater knowledge of teen social skills. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline, 4 month |
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| Primary | Change From Baseline in Korean Version of the Social Skills Rating System (K-SSRS) at 4 Month | The SSRS consists of 38-items and took approximately 10 min to complete. Questionnaires were completed independently by the teen's parent and teacher. For example, items included ''Starts conversations rather than waiting for someone to talk first.'' The items were rated as either ''Never,'' ''Sometimes,'' or ''Very Often.'' The Social Skills and Problem Behaviors scales were derived from factor analysis. minimum 50 and maximum 163, and higherscores mean a better outcome | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline,4 month |
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| Primary | Change From Baseline in Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) at 4 Month | The SRS is a 65-item questionnaire that assesses the various dimensions of interpersonal behavior, communication, and repetitive/stereotypic behavior that are characteristics of ASD. minimum 92, maximum 200, higherscores mean a worse outcome | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline,4 month |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Korean Version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition | The K-VABS is an interviewed survey and measures adaptive behaviors of individuals such as personal and social skills, used for everyday living from birth to age 90. These are based on the reports of primary caregivers and teachers. The K-VABS contains 5 domains each with 2-3 subdomains. The main domains are: Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, Motor Skills, and Maladaptive Behavior (optional). Behaviors are rated on a 0 (a skill that is not used by the individual) - 2 (a skill used most of the time) rating scale. The current study used only the communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains. minimum 25, maximum 108, higherscores mean a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline,4 month |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at 4month | The BDI consists of 21 items measuring the severity of subjective symptoms of depression, with emotional, cognitive, motivational, and physiological symptom profiles for adults. Each question has four possible answer choices, scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (the most severe symptoms). minimum 1, maximum 45, higherscores mean a worse outcome | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline,4 month |
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no adverse event through study completion, an average of 1 year
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Case Group | Behavioral: parent-assisted social skills training program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 14 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point three months after the completion of treatment to see mid- and long-term effects. Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| EG001 | Waitlist Control Group | For this group, same intervention with the Experimental group will be provided after waiting for 16 weeks. Behavioral: Delayed intervention Intervention is provided to Waitlist Control Group after waiting for 16 weeks Parent-assisted social skills training program for young adult with ASD: The subjects will participate in the treatment program weekly for a total of 16 weeks. The final visit will be made at the point four months after the completion of treatment to see long-term effects. | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Miae Oh | Kyunghee university hospital, Seoul, South Korea | 82-10-8929-5048 | miae612@naver.com |
| Sep 6, 2020 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| >=65 years |
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| Male |
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| Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests |
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| Imagination |
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