This study intends to collect ophthalmologic examination results, pulmonary examination results and related indexes from patients with pulmonary disease and control populations, and combine big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to explore whether new methods can be provided for early screening strategies for pulmonary disease with the aid of ophthalmologic examination, and thus assist in identifying the types of pulmonary disease and determining disease prognosis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Those aged ≥18 years; or those aged <18 years who can cooperate with the relevant examination and are accompanied and informed by a guardian;
• People with respiratory-related diseases who were to undergo pulmonary examination, or those who volunteered to participate in the trial through publicity recruitment;
• expected survival time of 3 months or more;
• Those with no previous serious underlying disease and no history of serious eye disease;
• Those who can cooperate with ophthalmologic and pulmonary-related examinations and have regular follow-up examinations;
• Those who gave informed consent to the study prior to the trial and voluntarily signed the informed consent form;
• Other conditions that can be included in the study as judged by the investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are unable to complete ophthalmology or pulmonary-related examinations and regular follow-ups due to serious diseases, trauma or surgery (serious ophthalmology diseases such as extremely poor vision that cannot be fixed, ocular atrophy, severe refractive interstitial clouding that prevents fundus photography, etc.);
• People with poor compliance due to various reasons such as alcohol or drug dependence, or mental disorders;
• Those without informed consent;
• Other conditions judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in the trial.

The study population was recruited from people who visited the cooperative medical unit for lung screening, and from people who were recruited through publicity at the unit and in the community.