Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Caudal epidural block is a rapid, reliable, and safe technique that can be used with general anesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients Ketamine is a selective antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dexmedetomidine | Experimental | 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine caudally |
|
| Ketamine | Experimental | 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine caudally |
|
| Magnesium sulphate | Experimental | 0.5ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1ml volume containing 50mg of magnesium caudally. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dexmedetomidine | Drug | Patient will receive 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine caudally |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| First time of rescue analgesia requirement | If the FLACC score is ≥ 4, pethidine 1 mg/kg. The first time to require analgesia will be calculated (the time from caudal block to the first time to pethidine injection). | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total consumption of rescue analgesia | If the FLACC score is ≥ 4, pethidine 1 mg/kg. The total pethidine consumption of patients require analgesia in the first 24 h postoperative will be calculated. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Pain score |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
males
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamal MD Hendawy Shams, MD | Contact | 00201095927971 | gamal.shams@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kafrelsheikh University | Research ethics committee - Kafrelsheikh University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karelsheikh University Hospital | Recruiting | Kafr ash Shaykh | Karelsheikh | 33516 | Egypt |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Type | URL | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKSU 51- 2 _ 16 | Study Protocol | View IPD |
The data will be available upon Reasonable request from the corresponding author for one year after study completion
The data will be available for one year after study completion
The data will be available upon Reasonable request from the corresponding author.
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007021 | Hypospadias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014564 | Urogenital Abnormalities |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| D008278 | Magnesium Sulfate |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Ketamine | Drug | Patient will receive 0.5ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 0.5mg/kg ketamine caudally |
|
| Magnesium sulphate | Drug | Patient will receive 0.5ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1ml volume containing 50mg of magnesium caudally. |
|
FLACC scale will used for postoperative pain assessment. This scale ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst possible pain
| 24 hours postoperatively |
| The incidence of adverse effects | Hypotension bradycardia, respiratory depression and vomiting will be recorded. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| D010409 | Penile Diseases |
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D003510 |
| Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D017616 | Magnesium Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D013431 | Sulfates |
| D013464 | Sulfuric Acids |
| D013456 | Sulfur Acids |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |