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This study examines the immediate and long-term effectiveness of a group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (GCBT) in improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children treated for mixed psychiatric disorders in naturalistic child psychiatric outpatient settings. The effects of a treatment-as-usual condition (TAU) is also examined. Further, the study aims to explore the associations among children´s HRQOL dimensions and parental well-being, and how GCBT may influence these associations.
The effectiveness of GCBT and TAU at the different time points are measured using nonparametric tests, such as Friedman tests and Wilcoxon tests. The associations among children´s HRQOL dimensions and parental well-being variables at different time points are explored using a network analysis approach.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group cognitive behavioral therapy | Experimental | Friends Program |
|
| Treatment as Usual | Experimental | A TAU condition during which participants received routine care services tailored to each child individually. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friends program | Behavioral | A GCBT intervention comprising ten weekly 60-minute sessions followed by two booster sessions |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in self-and parent-rated health-related quality of life after the group cognitive behavior therapy (GCBT) intervention | Children´s health-related quality of life measured using the KINDL-R measure, total scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life | Before and after the group cognitive behavioral intervention (duration from pre-GCBT to post-GCBT circa 4.7 months), and at a 7-month follow-up |
| Changes in self-and parent-rated health-related quality of life after treatment as usual (TAU) | Children´s health-related quality of life measured using the KINDL-R measure, total scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life | Before and after TAU (duration circa 3.2 months) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Associations among children´s health-related quality of life and parental well-being dimensions | Children´s health-related quality of life measured using the KINDL-R measure, total scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life | Before and after the group cognitive behavioral intervention (duration from pre-GCBT to post-GCBT circa 4.7 months), and at a 7-month follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| TAU | Behavioral | Individually tailored and delivered specialized child psychiatric care |
|
| Associations among children´s HRQOL and parental well-being dimensions (parental psychological distress) | Parental psychological distress measured using five items of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The sum of the items range from 5-20 with higher scores indicating greater psychological distress | Before and after the group cognitive behavioral intervention (duration from pre-GCBT to post-GCBT circa 4.7 months), and at a 7-month follow-up |
| Associations among children´s HRQOL and parental well-being dimensions (parental sleep disturbance) | Parental sleep disturbance measured using the four- item Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire. Scores range from 0-20 with higher scores indicating greater sleep disturbance | Before and after the group cognitive behavioral intervention (duration from pre-GCBT to post-GCBT circa 4.7 months), and at a 7-month follow-up |