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Scuba diving with closed circuit gas rebreathers is currently booming. Initially developed for professional and military diving, this type of diving has become very successful in recreational activities.
The possibilities offered by this equipment are immense and reduce the constraints of exploration time and depth. More and more divers are seeking to reach depths previously considered unusual or inaccessible in recreational diving, beyond 100 meters. By pushing back these limits, the diver is exposed to new risks which should lead to a reflection on the means of prevention and treatment in case of incident.
The physiological repercussions of these deep dives are not well known. During daily deep excursions in the 90-120 meter zone, there is a significant reduction in vital capacity on leaving the dive, which persists and worsens the following day.
It seems necessary to confirm the importance of this impairment, never documented before, and to explore its mechanisms. A better knowledge of this respiratory impact could allow to improve the prevention and the preliminary evaluation of the medical aptitude of these divers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diving arm | Other | The standard arm involves all participants in the study. Subjects will perform pre-dive and post-dive examinations to characterize the respiratory impact of deep water diving |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre and post dive examinations | Diagnostic Test | Performing pre-dive examinations: - EFR by plethysmography cabin Realization of the examinations the day of the dive:
Realization of the examinations the day after the dive:
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving | Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL)) | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving | Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL)) | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving | Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL)) | Day +1 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving | Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry | Day -XX before diving |
| Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHU de BREST | Brest | 29200 | France |
All collected data that underlie results in a publication
Data will be available beginning three years and ending fifteen years following the final study report completion
Data access requests will be reviewed by the internal committee of Brest UH. Requestors will be required to sign and complete a data access agreement.
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Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry |
| Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving | Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving | Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry | Day +1 |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day -XX before Day 0 |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day -XX before Day 0 |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day +1 |
| Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving | Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography | Day +1 |
| Variations in DLCO before and after diving | Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min*kPa) before and after diving | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in DLCO before and after diving | Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min*kPa) before and after diving | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in DLCO before and after diving | Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min*kPa) before and after diving | Day +1 |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving | A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving | A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving | A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water. | Day +1 |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) before and after diving | Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) before and after diving | Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) data before and after diving | Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving. | Day +1 |
| Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving | Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving | Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving | Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio. | Day +1 |
| Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving | Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving | Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving | Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction. | Day +1 |
| Variations in decompression (circulating bubbles) data before and after diving | Detection of circulating bubbles by trans-thoracic ultrasound | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in decompression (circulating bubbles) data before and after diving | Detection of circulating bubbles by trans-thoracic ultrasound | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations | Day +1 |
| Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day +1 |
| Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving | Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors (as F2-Isoprostane, 8-isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day +1 |
| Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving | Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving | Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving | Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations. | Day +1 |
| Variations in water balance before and after diving | Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg) | Day 0 (before diving) |
| Variations in water balance before and after diving | Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg) | Day 0 (after diving) |
| Variations in water balance before and after diving | Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg) | Day +1 |